Abstract
The lipid post-translational modification S-palmitoylation is a vast developing field, with the modification itself and the enzymes that catalyse the reversible reaction implicated in a number of diseases. In this review, we discuss the past and recent advances in the experimental tools used in this field, including pharmacological tools, animal models and techniques to understand how palmitoylation controls protein localisation and function. Additionally, we discuss the obstacles to overcome in order to advance the field, particularly to the point at which modulating palmitoylation may be achieved as a therapeutic strategy.
Highlights
Lipid modificationsPost-translational modifications (PTMs) allow immense diversity in biological systems, often controlling substrate localisation, stability and function, and must be tightly regulated in order to maintain cell health
The FEBS Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Federation of European Biochemical Societies
As we develop our understanding of the ‘substrate recognition rules’ for zDHHC-PATs, small molecules targeting the feature(s) of a palmitoylated protein that are recognised by its zDHHC-PATs offer exciting potential to manipulate the palmitoylation of only that particular protein
Summary
Keywords lipidation; membranes; palmitoyl-acyl transferase; post-translational modification; thioesterase. The lipid post-translational modification S-palmitoylation is a vast developing field, with the modification itself and the enzymes that catalyse the reversible reaction implicated in a number of diseases. We discuss the past and recent advances in the experimental tools used in this field, including pharmacological tools, animal models and techniques to understand how palmitoylation controls protein localisation and function. We discuss the obstacles to overcome in order to advance the field, to the point at which modulating palmitoylation may be achieved as a therapeutic strategy
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