Abstract
This study aimed to detect protein changes that can assist to understand the underlying biology of bladder cancer. The data showed forty five proteins were found to be differentially expressed comparing tumors vs non-tumor tissues, of which EGFR and cdc2p34 were correlated with muscle invasion and histological grade. Ten proteins (ß-catenin, HSP70, autotaxin, Notch4, PSTPIP1, DPYD, ODC, cyclinB1, calretinin and EPO) were able to classify muscle invasive BCa (MIBC) into 2 distinct groups, with group 2 associated with poorer survival. Finally, 3 proteins (P2X7, cdc25B and TFIIH p89) were independent factors for favorable overall survival.
Highlights
Bladder cancer (BCa) is among the five most common malignancies worldwide
To understand the global alterations in signaling protein expression and activation, we investigated the expression of 285 proteins and phosphoproteins in bladder urothelial cell carcinoma tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues by means of Protein Pathway Array (PPA) method
Through PPA, we identified several protein changes that correlate with the clinical outcomes and found the canonical pathways that were most significant to muscle invasive BCa (MIBC) based on the protein expression profile
Summary
Bladder cancer (BCa) is among the five most common malignancies worldwide. In the United States, an estimated 74,690 new cases of bladder cancer were diagnosed in 2014, with 15,580 deaths expected [1]. More than 90% of bladder cancers are urothelial cell carcinomas, 5% are squamous cell carcinomas, and less than 2% are adenocarcinomas [2]. Previous studies showed that bladder cancer is characterized by heterogeneous subtypes, i.e. non-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive, showing variable clinical presentation, genetic background, treatment implications, and prognosis. Non-muscle-invasive disease (70% of newly diagnosed bladder cancer cases) can generally be managed without surgical removal of the bladder, frequently recurs, but in the absence of progression to more invasive disease is generally not life threatening, while muscle-invasive lesions (30% of cases) are associated with worse outcomes [3]. Owing to the high recurrence rate and the lifelong surveillance, bladder cancer is one of the most expensive cancers to treat [4]
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