Abstract
Objective:To identify potential proteomic salivary biomarker in tamol chewers and comparing it to healthy and Oral squamous cell carcinoma cases. Methods:A total of fifty unstimulated saliva samples were collected from the healthy volunteers, tamol chewers (without tobacco), and OSCC patients referred to North-East cancer Hospital, Jorabat, Assam, India. The 2-D gel analysis and western blotting were performed to analyze protein profiling. Results:The identified proteins were serum albumin, HSP (Heat shock protein) 27, gamma actin, SCC (Squamous cell carcinoma) 1, and Annexin A4. All the proteins were associated with OSCC development when their values were compared with those of normal healthy subjects. HSP27 was subjected to further validation using western blotting methods. An increase of 18.39% (Serum Albumin), 15.04% (gamma actin), 14.01% (SSC 1), and 20.22% (ANX4) were observed in Tamol chewers when compared with healthy control subjects. Conclusion:Our results revealed that the identified salivary proteins have a positive association with OSCC development. Profiling of these saliva proteomes especially HSP (Heat shock protein) 27 as a potential biomarker for OSCC detection in the high-risk population is recommended.
Highlights
Oral cancer, histologically about 90% in the form of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is a high-effect and common form of disease-related with the oral cavity (Gupta et al, 2013; Mascitti et al, 2018)
Our results revealed that the identified salivary proteins have a positive association with OSCC development
Five different proteins identified were serum albumin, Heat shock protein 27, gamma actin, squamous cell carcinoma 1 (SCCA-1), and Annexin A4 (ANXA4) when compared to the control sample
Summary
Histologically about 90% in the form of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is a high-effect and common form of disease-related with the oral cavity (Gupta et al, 2013; Mascitti et al, 2018). Many environmental and genetic factors are often associated with the development of this disorder but the major regional predisposing risk factor for OSCC is chewing of betel quid and “paan” in India (Garg et al, 2014; Lepcha et al, 2021). In Northeast India, a variety of raw areca nut is used in combination lime paste and piece of betel leaf without tobacco locally termed as tamol in Assam. Frequent and regular scratches of betel nut and betel leaf form ulcers in the oral cavity (Kumar et al, 2021). Comprises strong chemical compound in slaked lime which further forms scars or ulcers by burns the soft tissue in the oral cavity. Which can further be a main contributing factor for developing oral cancer (Phukan et al, 2001; Borkotoky et al, 2020)
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