Abstract
The protein isoelectric point (pI) can be calculated from an amino acid sequence using computational analysis in a good agreement with experimental data. Availability of whole-genome sequences empowers comparative studies of proteome-wide pI distributions. It was found that the whole-proteome distributions of protein pI values are multimodal in different species. It was further hypothesized that the observed multimodality is associated with subcellular localization-specific differences in local pI distributions. Here, we overview the multimodality of proteome-wide pI distributions in different organisms focusing on the relationships between protein pI and subcellular localization. We also discuss the probable factors responsible for variation of the intracellular localization-specific pI profiles.
Highlights
The isoelectric point of a protein is defined as the pH at which the net charge of a protein molecule is zero
Our present paper overviews proteomewide pI distributions focusing on the relationships between protein pI and subcellular localization
The alkaline bias of the membrane proteins was attributed to the fact that biomembranes generally bear a negative charge due to the presence of negatively charged phospholipids, the positive charge of basic proteins at normal pH would promote favorable electrostatic interactions stabilizing the proteins in the membranes (Schwartz et al, 2001). These data strongly suggested a link between the whole-proteome pI distributions and subcellular localization
Summary
Specialty section: This article was submitted to Biophysics, a section of the journal Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences. Received: 14 September 2021 Accepted: 11 November 2021 Published: 29 November 2021. The protein isoelectric point (pI) can be calculated from an amino acid sequence using computational analysis in a good agreement with experimental data. Availability of wholegenome sequences empowers comparative studies of proteome-wide pI distributions. It was found that the whole-proteome distributions of protein pI values are multimodal in different species. It was further hypothesized that the observed multimodality is associated with subcellular localization-specific differences in local pI distributions. We overview the multimodality of proteome-wide pI distributions in different organisms focusing on the relationships between protein pI and subcellular localization. We discuss the probable factors responsible for variation of the intracellular localization-specific pI profiles
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