Protein Phosphatase Inhibitors Okadaic Acid and Calyculin A Alter Cell Shape and F-Actin Distribution and Inhibit Stimulus-Dependent Increases in Cytoskeletal Actin of Human Neutrophils

Abstract

The phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid and calyculin A were found to elicit or to modify several neutrophil responses, suggesting that dephosphorylation plays a regulatory role. The concentrations of okadaic acid (> or = 1 mumol/L) that were effective on neutrophil functions (shape changes and marginal stimulation of pinocytosis) were shown to stimulate the incorporation of 32PO4 into many neutrophil proteins several-fold. Calyculin A was effective at 50-fold lower concentrations. In the presence of the inhibitors, the cells exhibited a nonpolar shape and the polarization response induced by chemotactic peptide was inhibited. Both phosphatase inhibitors also induced the association of F-actin with the cell membrane. A steady-state phosphatase activity is thus involved in maintaining shape and F-actin localization of resting cells. Inhibitors alone had no significant effect on the amount of cytoskeleton-associated actin. The increase in cytoskeletal actin observed at 30 minutes of stimulation with phorbol ester or 5 to 30 minutes of stimulation with chemotactic peptide, however, was abolished by okadaic acid or calyculin A, suggesting an important role of a phosphatase. In contrast, the early increase in cytoskeleton-associated actin observed at 1 minute of stimulation with peptide was not affected. This finding indicates that the increased association of actin with the cytoskeleton in the early and the later stages of neutrophil activation may be mediated by different signalling pathways.