Abstract
As an endogenous gaseous transmitter, the function of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been extensively studied in plants. Once synthesized, H2S may be involved in almost all life processes of plants. Among them, a key route for H2S bioactivity occurs via protein persulfidation, in which process oxidizes cysteine thiol (R-SH) groups into persulfide (R-SSH) groups. This process is thought to underpin a myriad of cellular processes in plants linked to growth, development, stress responses, and phytohormone signaling. Multiple lines of emerging evidence suggest that this redox-based reversible post-translational modification can not only serve as a protective mechanism for H2S in oxidative stress, but also control a variety of biochemical processes through the allosteric effect of proteins. Here, we collate emerging evidence showing that H2S-mediated persulfidation modification involves some important biochemical processes such as growth and development, oxidative stress, phytohormone and autophagy. Additionally, the interaction between persulfidation and S-nitrosylation is also discussed. In this work, we provide beneficial clues for further exploration of the molecular mechanism and function of protein persulfidation in plants in the future.
Highlights
After translation, the regulation of protein function mainly rests on post-translational modifications (PTMs), protein-protein interactions, as well as the tight interplay between them
In plants, hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) acts as a negative regulator to control the activation of autophagy through reversible persulfidation modification to maintain the metabolic homeostasis of plant under normal or stress conditions (Figure 1)
H2 S mediates a series of plant growth and development processes and adversity responses, and protein persulfidation has recently been widely recognized as the main pathway through which H2 S exerts its biological effects
Summary
The regulation of protein function mainly rests on post-translational modifications (PTMs), protein-protein interactions, as well as the tight interplay between them. Li et al showed that the persulfidation of some root proteins in A. thaliana played a crucial role as a switch in its root growth and activity [5]. The research of protein persulfidation is surging in plants, it is very necessary to have a global outlook on the latest developments in this field. Within this context, this article systematically summarizes the roles of protein persulfidation in plant growth and development, stress response, and metabolic crosstalk, and comprehensively updates the latest research progress of persulfidation in plant systems
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