Abstract

Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is an important feature of hypertension. However, its molecular underpinnings, especially the signaling cascades, remain unclear. Here we hypothesized that a protein kinase D (PKD)-dependent extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) pathway was able to regulate downstream myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D), affecting prohypertrophic responses to angiotensin II (Ang II). Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes from 2- to 3-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were prepared and Western blot, real-time quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence staining were used to assess the activation and translocation of pathway signaling molecules. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) expression and [3H]-leucine (Leu) incorporation were measured to determine cell hypertrophy. Elevated levels of phosphorylated PKD (p-PKD) and ERK5 (p-ERK5) were observed in cardiomyocytes stimulated with Ang II, while silencing protein kinase C epsilon (PKCɛ) resulted in significantly lower levels of p-PKD. Furthermore, Ang II-induced ERK5 activated translocation was mediated by the PKD pathway. Consequently, inhibiting PKCɛ, PKD and ERK5 by siRNA significantly attenuated Ang II-induced MEF2D activation, ANP and BNP mRNA expression, and [3H]-Leu incorporation. Our studies are the first to show that the PKCɛ/PKD/ERK5/MEF2D pathway plays an important role in the cardiomyocyte hypertrophy response to Ang II. A hipertrofia dos cardiomiócitos é uma característica importante da hipertensão arterial. No entanto, os mecanismos moleculares da hipertrofia, especialmente as cascatas sinalizadoras, são ainda pouco claros. Neste contexto colocamos a hipótese de que a proteína quinase D (PQD) – dependente da via da quinase 5 (ERK5) determinada pelo sinal extracelular –possa regular a jusante o fator intensificador do miócito -2D (FIM2D), afetando as respostas pro-hipertróficas à Ang II. Foram preparados os cardiomiócitos de ratos neonatais de dois a três anos, Sprague-Dawley, tendo sido utilizados os testes de Western blot, a PCR quantitaiva Real-Time (PCRq-RTRT) e a coloração por imunofluorescência para avaliar a ativação e a translocação das moléculas das vias de sinalização. O fator natriurético auricular (FNA), o peptídeo natriurético auricular tipo B (BNP) e a incorporação [3H]-Leu foram igualmente medidos para determinar a hipertrofia celular. Nos cardiomiócitos estimulados com Ang II foram observados níveis elevados de PCD fosforilada (PCD-f) e ERK5 (ERK5-p), tendo a proteínaquinase C epsilon silenciada apresentado níveis significativamente inferiores de PQD-f. Além disso, a translocação ativada de ERK5 induzida pela Ang II foi mediada pela via PCD. Consequentemente, a inibição de PCDɛ, de PCD e de ERK5 através de siRNA atenuou significativamente a ativação de FIM2D induzida pela Ang II, o FNA e a expressão de mRNA BNP, bem como a incorporação de Leucina-[3H]. O nosso estudo demonstra pela primeira vez que as vias PCCɛ/PCD/ERK5/FIM 2D desempenham um papel importante na resposta hipertrófica dos cardiomiócitos a Ang II.

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