Abstract
The quantification of the main crude protein (CP) fractions during the growing period of pea and oat mixtures may be used to optimize the forage management. The determination of protein fraction could improve balancing rations for ruminants. The first factor (A) is ratio of germinated seed in mixtures. The pea and oat were tested at two different mixture rates: A1 ? 50% pea + 50% oat and A2 ? 75% pea + 25% oat. The second factor (B) is a cutting time in three stages of growth: B1 ? a cutting of biomass at the start of flowering pea (10% of flowering), B2 ? a cutting of biomass at forming the first pods on 2/3 plants of pea, and B3 ? cutting of biomass at forming green seeds in 2/3 pods. Stage of growth and pea-oat ratio in mixtures are significantly related to the change in the quality and chemical composition of biomass. The highest level of crude protein was obtained in pea at flowering stage (184.85 g kg-1 dry matter (DM)). The high level of easily soluble protein and non-protein nitrogen compounds (over 50%) represent specific characteristics of the mixture. Unavailable fraction PC increased with plant maturation from 75.65 to 95.05 g kg-1 of CP.
Highlights
The goal of most dairy farmers is to use the available land to produce cheaper but high quality feed with adequate protein content for lactating cows in order to maximize milk yield
The nutritional quality of crude protein (CP) in forages is determined by its rate and extent of degradation in the rumen, and this can be enhanced by increasing true protein that is resistant to microbial degradation in the rumen
The CP content in both mixtures were significantly higher than Kocer and Albayrak (2012) reported for mixtures with similar pea : oat ratios as well as the CP values that reported Omokanye (2014) for field pea intercropping with oat and barley
Summary
The goal of most dairy farmers is to use the available land to produce cheaper but high quality feed with adequate protein content for lactating cows in order to maximize milk yield. Legume-cereal mixtures are important protein and carbohydrate sources for livestock. The most common application in practice is a mixture of field pea and oat, because of the high yield and quality of biomass (Uzun and Asik, 2012). This may lead to the better utilization of these mixtures as livestock feed. The objective of the present study was to quantify the main CP fractions during the growing period of field pea and oat mixtures. Determination of protein fraction would improve balancing rations for animals, especially for dairy cows
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