Protein Elicitor PeaT1 Efficiently Controlled Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus in Wheat

Lin Li,Shuangchao Wang,Xiufen Yang,Dewen Qiu,Frederic Francis

doi:10.3390/agriculture9090193

Abstract

Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), transmitted by the wheat aphid, generates serious wheat yellow dwarf disease and causes great losses in agriculture. Induced resistance has attracted great attention over recent years as a biological method to control plant pathogens and herbivores. Protein elicitor PeaT1 induces defense response in plants against fungi, viruses, and aphids. In this study, wheat seeds and seedlings were soaked and sprayed with 30 μg/mL PeaT1, respectively. Then seedlings were inoculated with BYDV by viruliferous Schizaphis graminum to detect the control efficiency of PeaT1-induced resistance against BYDV. The control efficiency was over 30% on the 14th and 21st days after the inoculation access period. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (Q-RT-PCR) tests showed that there was less mRNA from the BYDV coat protein in PeaT1-treated wheat seedlings than in the control group. Electrical penetration graph (EPG) tests showed that virus transmission vector S.graminum took a longer time to find probe and feeding sites on PeaT1-treated wheat seedlings. Additionally, PeaT1-treated wheat seedlings gained higher plant height and more chlorophyll a&b. These results showed that PeaT1 efficiently controlled BYDV by inhibiting BYDV proliferation, reducing the virus transmission ability of S. graminum and alleviating the symptoms of dwarfism and yellow colouring caused by BYDV. This study provided a new integrated way to control BYDV biologically.

Highlights

Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), Luteoviridae luteovirus, is a virus with worldwide distribution, which is persistently and circulatively transmitted by aphids, and hosted mostly in the phloem of Poaceae plants [1]
One day after seedlings were sprayed with PeaT1 solution, 15-day-old viruliferous apterous S. graminum were introduced onto the wheat seedlings for 2days and eliminated by dimethyl dichloroviny phosphate (DDVP; 1 mg/mL)
PeaT1-induced resistance performed with good control efficiency against BYDV

Summary

Introduction

Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), Luteoviridae luteovirus, is a virus with worldwide distribution, which is persistently and circulatively transmitted by aphids, and hosted mostly in the phloem of Poaceae plants [1]. BYDV causes serious yellow and dwarf disease in Triticum, with chlorosis leaves, dwarf plants, retarded growth, less tillering, and maldevelopment of roots and spikes, leading to yieldloss. Induced resistance has aroused hot discussion as a new biological measure in controlling plant pathogens and herbivores. Induced resistance implies that plants initiate the immune system with an enhanced defense response when they have failed to defend themselves with constitutive defense mechanisms against biotic or abiotic stresses [5].

Methods

Results

Conclusion