Abstract
The review is focused on plant proteome response to salinity with respect to physiological aspects of plant salt stress response. The attention is paid to both osmotic and ionic effects of salinity stress on plants with respect to several protein functional groups. Therefore, the role of individual proteins involved in signalling, changes in gene expression, protein biosynthesis and degradation and the resulting changes in protein relative abundance in proteins involved in energy metabolism, redox metabolism, stressand defence-related proteins, osmolyte metabolism, phytohormone, lipid and secondary metabolism, mechanical stress-related proteins as well as protein posttranslational modifications are discussed. Differences between salt-sensitive (glycophytes) and salt-tolerant (halophytes) plants are analysed with respect to differential salinity tolerance. In conclusion, contribution of proteomic studies to understanding plant salinity tolerance is summarised and discussed.
Highlights
Soil salinity is caused by an increased activity of soluble salts
The mechanisms of osmotic adjustment play an important role in prevention of plant cell dehydration, loss of turgor, and plant cell plasmolysis or cytorrhesis
Besides changes in protein relative abundance, changes in protein posttranslational modification (PTM) pattern as well as protein activity have been observed under salinity
Summary
Soil salinity is caused by an increased activity of soluble salts. As saline soils, soils with electrical conductivity higher than 4 dS m−1 are generally considered [1]. Comparison of related plant species with contrasting salinity tolerance could help us to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying differential response of glycophytic and halophytic plants to the same environmental cues and to identify key genes and their transcript and protein products (including posttranslational modifications) responsible for an enhanced salinity tolerance in halophytes Utilization of this knowledge in genetic engineering could lead to the improvement of salinity tolerance in economically important salt-sensitive species, namely the major crops such as rice, common and durum wheat, barley, soybean or potato which generally display relatively poor salinity tolerance. Osmotic effect is caused by a decrease in osmotic potential of ambient soil water and it reveals a direct impact on plant root cell water status while ionic effect is caused by an increased accumulation of salt ions in plant cells to toxic levels; it reveals a continuous, long-term effect of a cumulative nature. In salt-tolerant plants (halophytes), there are efficient mechanisms that could eliminate accumulation of salt ions in plant cells to toxic levels (ionic effect)
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