Abstract
The tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius Gray) is a US–Mexico frontier native crop, produces high yields in agriculture, and needs to be reconsidered because of its nutritional and functional properties. This study aimed to determine the technological and nutritional properties of flours and protein concentrates of tepary bean, besides determining an in silico agonist effect of tepary bean lectin to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ). We evaluated the technological properties of raw samples (tepary flour and tepary protein concentrate) and cooked samples (tepary flour and tepary protein concentrate). The flours present a significant difference (p < 0.05) concerning protein concentrates in water absorption and oil absorption capacity. The raw samples' emulsifying capacity was higher than that reported in the literature for other legumes, but not the cooked samples. The samples' foaming capacity had no significant difference in treatments (p > 0.05), and cooked tepary bean protein concentrate presented complete gelation at a lower concentration (2%). Nutritionally, raw samples present a protein percentage of 23.46 ± 0.06 and 71.38 ± 0.44 and cooked samples present a protein percentage of 25.27 ± 0.04 and 62.69 ± 0.14; a chemical score of 72, 86, 82, and 72; in vitro protein digestibility (%) = 48.20 ± 0.31, 49.80 ± 0.80, 61.77 ± 1.70, and 63.61 ± 4.19; and C-PER = 0.86, 1.34, 1.93, and 1.81, respectively. All the samples showed methionine + cysteine as the limiting amino acid. All these nutritional data are very similar to the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). SDS-PAGE preserves the lectin fraction in both protein concentrates. The in silico study of tepary lectin (PDB: 6tt9) shows that there were seven peptides that presented values below −120 kcal/mol: PEW, VSVGF, PSQK, TTPW, ATSF, ITY, and TSF, with VSVGF, PSQK, and PEW having the highest affinity for active sites of the PAPRγ receptor (binding energies from −5.32 to −7.04 kcal/mol). These peptides could show antiadipogenic or antidiabetic activity based on the intermolecular bond energies and open an interesting research item.
Highlights
The chemical composition of foods defines their structure, organoleptic properties, and bioavailability of macro- and micronutrients
We evaluated the technological properties of raw samples and cooked samples
The opposite occurred with oil absorption capacity (OAC) in flour samples (1.26 ± 0.40 and 1.20 ± 0.00 mL/g sample) vs. protein concentrate samples (1.46 ± 0.20 and 1.80 ± 0.40 mL/g sample), showing a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) with respect to flour samples
Summary
The chemical composition of foods defines their structure, organoleptic properties, and bioavailability of macro- and micronutrients. It is of utmost importance to study other possible beneficial health effects of tepary bean lectins, such as the effect on regulatory mechanisms of obesity, a global epidemic. PPAR-γ is principally involved in lipogenesis, adipocyte differentiation, cell proliferation, and insulin sensitivity [11]. It has been seen as a therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic disorders such as diabetes and dyslipidemia. This study aimed to determine the technological and nutritional properties of protein concentrates of tepary bean, besides determining an in silico agonist effect of tepary bean lectin to peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) for the identification of antiadipogenic compounds [13]
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