Abstract
BackgroundAvian antigen is a common cause of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). Inhalation challenge with pigeon serum and pigeon dropping extract (PDE) elicits a hypersensitivity reaction in patients with bird-related hypersensitivity pneumonitis (BRHP), but the antigenic components in these materials have yet to be fully elucidated.MethodPigeon serum, pigeon intestine homogenates, and PDE were immunoblotted with serum samples from 8 patients with BRHP, 2 patients with summer-type HP, 2 patients with humidifier lung, and 3 healthy volunteers. Among the protein spots found in both pigeon serum and PDE, those that reacted with sera from BRHP patients were identified by mass spectrometry. Immunoassays using recombinant protein were performed to confirm the antigenicity of the identified protein. Cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with recombinant protein was also assessed.ResultsImmunoglobulin lambda-like polypeptide-1 (IGLL-1) was identified from all spots on 2-DE immunoblots of both pigeon serum and PDE. The BRHP patients exhibited higher levels of serum IgG antibody against the recombinant IGLL-1 (rIGLL-1) compared to the control subjects, as well as a stronger PBMCs proliferative response to rIGLL-1. Cytokine production by PBMCs from BRHP patients after rIGLL-1 exposure indicated that the protein could induce Th1 prone immune responses: an increase in TNF-α and an absence of elevated IL-10 production.ConclusionsPigeon IGLL-1 was identified as the BRHP antigen present in both pigeon serum and PDE.
Highlights
Avian antigen is a common cause of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP)
Pigeon Immunoglobulin lambda-like polypeptide-1 (IGLL-1) was identified as the bird-related hypersensitivity pneumonitis (BRHP) antigen present in both pigeon serum and pigeon dropping extract (PDE)
Among the samples exposed to sera from BRHP, multiple immunoreactive bands at various molecular weights were observed in pigeon serum and pigeon intestine homogenate, whereas several bands smaller than 60 kDa were observed in PDE
Summary
Avian antigen is a common cause of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). Inhalation challenge with pigeon serum and pigeon dropping extract (PDE) elicits a hypersensitivity reaction in patients with bird-related hypersensitivity pneumonitis (BRHP), but the antigenic components in these materials have yet to be fully elucidated. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an allergic lung disease caused by repeated inhalation of causative antigens. Many cases of HP are induced by avian antigen. Reed et al reported the first avian-associated case of HP in a pigeon breeder, in 1965 [3]. In the ensuing decades since, the disease has been clearly linked to indirect exposure to avian antigens such as pigeons bred by neighbors, flocks of pigeons in parks, and feather duvets. BRHP accounted for 134 (60%) of 222 cases of chronic HP in a Japan-wide epidemiological survey from 2000 to 2009 [4]. In a report from Morell et al, 13 of 46
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