Abstract
Abstract Aim This study aims to investigate the proteome of trapezius muscle biopsies of women with chronic widespread pain (CWP) compared to female pain-free controls using proteomic tools. CWP has a high prevalence (10%) resulting in prominent negative individual and societal consequences. There is no clear consensus concerning the etiology behind CWP although alterations in the central processing of nociception maintained by peripheral nociceptive input has been suggested. Methods Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) analysis and nano-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (nLC/MS) was used to study the proteome differences of biopsies from the trapezius muscle between 18 female patients diagnosed with CWP and 19 healthy female controls. Results The proteomic analysis revealed 17 proteins to be statistically significantly expressed between the two groups by which 12 were up-regulated and 5 were down-regulated in the CWP group compared to healthy controls. Many of the proteins were important enzymes in metabolic pathways like the glycolysis and gluconeogenesis (Triosephosphate isomerase, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, Pyruvate kinase isoenzyme M1/M2 and Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A, all up-regulated in CWP). Other proteins are associated with muscle damage (Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 2, down-regulated in CWP), muscle recovery (Alpha-crystallin B chain, up-regulated in CWP) stress and inflammation (carbonic anhydrase 3, up-regulated in CWP). The contractile and structural proteins found have been associated with various types of myopathies (Actin alpha skeletal muscle, up-regulated, Troponin T slow skeletal muscle and Desmin, down-regulated in CWP). Conclusions In conclusion, the expression of these proteins belonging to the protein groups, contractile, stress and inflammatory, structural, and metabolic, suggests abnormalities and alterations in the myalgic trapezius muscle.
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