Abstract
Objective To investigate the change of hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) titer and its long-term protection and infection rates between 1 and 3-year-old children whose mothers were chronic hepatitis B pregnant woman with HBeAg positive and high viral load after successful blocking of mother-to-child transmission. Methods One-year-old children whose mothers were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive, with HBV DNA≥106IU/ml were enrolled, then were followed up till 3 years old, and tested the five serological markers of hepatitis B and biochemical parameters at the age of one and three years respectively, and analyzed HBsAb titer, positive rate, negative rate and infection rate of 1 to 3-year-old children without enhanced vaccination; meanwhile, data of HBsAb titers at the age of 7 months were collected HBsAb titer, positive rate, and negative rate were analyzed. Results Totally 264 1-year-old children were enrolled into the study, including 178 children without enhanced vaccination between seven months and 1 year of age, and 114 children without enhanced vaccination between 1 year and 3 years of age. Our result showed that there were no infected children at the age between 1 and 3 years. HBsAb titer decreased from 7 months to 1 year old and dropped from 1 000 IU/L to 509.43 IU/L (P<0.05), and the antibody was still protective. From 1 year to 3 years old, HBsAb titer dropped from 466.72 IU/L to 67.3 IU/L (P< 0.05); at the age of 3 years, 60.52 % children were either weakly positive or negative, but still protective, but significantly less than those who had the reinforced vaccination. As a result , the children without the enhanced vaccination between 1 and 3 years of age were still at high risk. Conclusions If the antibody was protective at 7 months, children were not easily infected between 1 year and 3 years of age. At the age of 3, the antibody dropped to low or no responsive levels, and the children were still at high risk. It is necessary to take protective measures and supplement the vaccine. Key words: Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis B surface antibody; Hepatitis B vaccine; Mother-to-child transmission
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