Abstract
Picralima nitida is a therapeutic herb used in ethnomedicine for the management of several disease conditions including diabetes. This study examined the potential palliative effect of aqueous seed extract of Picralima nitida (APN) on dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and the expression of some metabolic genes in high-fat high-fructose-fed rats. Experimental rats (2 months old) were fed a control diet or a high-fat diet with 25% fructose (HFHF diet) in their drinking water for nine weeks. APN was administered orally during the last four weeks. Anthropometric and antioxidant parameters, lipid profile, plasma glucose, and insulin levels and the relative expression of some metabolic genes were assessed. APN caused a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in weight gained, body mass index, insulin resistance, plasma glucose, and insulin levels. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was significantly increased (P < 0.05), while triacylglycerol, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, cardiac index, atherogenic index, coronary artery index, and malondialdehyde levels in plasma and liver samples were also significantly decreased (P < 0.05) by APN at all experimental doses when compared to the group fed with an HFHF diet only. APN also significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated the relative expression of glucokinase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1), and leptin at 400 mg/kg body weight when compared to the group fed with an HFHF diet only. This study showed that APN alleviated dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and oxidant effect associated with the intake of a high-fat high-fructose diet.
Highlights
Worldwide prevalence of various metabolic and cardiovascular disorders is still a major concern among health practitioners and researchers today [1, 2]
Metabolic syndrome categorized by a group of interrelated metabolic, clinical, and biochemical features has been shown to increase the susceptibility of an individual to cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes (T2DM)
One major dietary lifestyle linked to metabolic syndrome and several cardiovascular disorders is the intake of high calorie-containing food [10]
Summary
Worldwide prevalence of various metabolic and cardiovascular disorders is still a major concern among health practitioners and researchers today [1, 2]. Fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels of the group fed an HFHF diet only was significantly increased when compared to those fed the control diet (Table 3). APN significantly reduced (P < 0.05) total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels of HFHF-fed rats at all experimental doses of the extract used in this study (Figure 1).
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