Abstract
Arabinoxylan mucilages from cell walls of hardy winter cereal plants inhibit the initial growth of ice crystals. These polymers affect the kinetics of freezing by adhesion to ice through interfacial liquid. The energy of polymer hydration decreases the latent heat of freezing by reducing the activation energy of melting. The decrease is a measure of adhesion energy. Other hydrated substances including the plasmalemma also equilibrate with freezing by adhesive interactions. Adhesion can produce lethal stress by −10°C. The adhesive stress can be reduced to osmotic stress by release of solutes from the protoplasts into the intercellular space. The interfacial tension in winter cereal plants is reduced by hydrolysis of fructan to sugars.
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