Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a serious pulmonary disease characterized by respiratory failure with marked hypoxemia secondary to diffuse bilateral non-hydrostatic pulmonary edema and atelectasis. A formal definition of ARDS and acute lung injury (ALI) was introduced by an American-European Consensus Conference [1]. ALI has a devastating clinical impact, and current data estimates 190,600 new cases of ALI per year with 74,500 annual deaths in the United States alone [2]. The majority of patients with ALI, and in particular ARDS, require supportive therapy with mechanical ventilation. It has been shown, both clinically and experimentally, that improper mechanical ventilation causes ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), which exacerbates the underlying ALI, leading to an increase in mortality [3].
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