Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite, which is responsible for a widely distributed zoonosis. Effective vaccines against toxoplasmosis are necessary to protect the public health. The aim of this study is to evaluate the immune efficacy of DNA vaccines encoding TgMIC5 and TgMIC16 genes against T. gondii infection. The recombinant plasmid pVAX-MIC5 and pVAX-MIC16 were constructed and injected intramuscularly in mice. The specific immune responses and protection against challenge with T. gondii RH tachyzoites were evaluated by measuring the cytokine levels, serum antibody concentrations, lymphocyte proliferation, lymphocyte populations, and the survival time. The protection against challenge with the T. gondii RH tchyzoites and PRU cysts was examined by evaluation of the reduction in the brain cyst burden. The results indicated that immunized mice showed significantly increased levels of IgG, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12p70, and IL-12p40 and percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Additionally, vaccination prolonged the mouse survival time and reduced brain cysts compared with controls. Mouse groups immunized with a two-gene cocktail of pVAX-MIC5 + pVAX-MIC16 were more protected than mouse groups immunized with a single gene of pVAX-MIC5 or pVAX-MIC16. These results demonstrate that TgMIC5 and TgMIC16 induce effective immunity against toxoplasmosis and may serve as a good vaccine candidate against T. gondii infection.
Highlights
Toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular protozoan parasite, is able to infect almost all warm-blooded animals and humans (Mohamed-Ali et al, 2017; Florence and Marie-Laure, 2012)
Specific green fluorescence was observed in the 293T cells transfected with pVAX-MIC5 and pVAX-MIC16, while no fluorescence was observed in cells transfected with the empty pVAX I (Figure 1)
Previous studies have evaluated the immunoprotective efficacy of T. gondii microneme proteins (MICs) antigens, including TgMIC2, TgMIC2, TgMIC11, and
Summary
Toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular protozoan parasite, is able to infect almost all warm-blooded animals and humans (Mohamed-Ali et al, 2017; Florence and Marie-Laure, 2012). T. gondii is one of the most widespread parasites, with one-third of the world’s population estimated to be chronically infected (Dubey, 2009; Pappas et al, 2009). Intermediate hosts including humans acquire infection by eating raw meat, and exposure to soil containing oocysts excreted by the only final host of T. gondii, cats. If pregnant women acquire primary infection with T. gondii, fetal abortion may occur (Elsheikha, 2008; Flegr et al, 2014; Elsheikha et al, 2020). T. gondii infection can lead to abortion and stillbirth in livestock, including goats and sheep, thereafter causing financial losses to the livestock industry (Tenter et al, 2000). Immunoprophylaxis is considered to be an alternative approach for the prevention and control of toxoplasmosis (Zhang et al, 2013; Zhang et al, 2015)
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