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Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) elicits a severe contagious disease in a broad range of hosts. CDV mortality rates are 50% in domestic dogs and 100% in ferrets. Its primary infection sites are respiratory and intestinal mucosa. This study aimed to develop an effective mucosal CDV vaccine using a non-antibiotic marked probiotic pPGΔCm-T7g10-EGFP-H/L. casei 393 strain expressing the CDV H protein. Its immunogenicity in BALB/c mice was evaluated using intranasal and oral vaccinations, whereas in dogs the intranasal route was used for vaccination. Our results indicate that this probiotic vaccine can stimulate a high level of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA)-based mucosal and IgG-based humoral immune responses in mice. SIgA levels in the nasal lavage and lungs were significantly higher in intranasally vaccinated mice than those in orally vaccinated mice. Both antigen-specific IgG and sIgA antibodies were effectively elicited in dogs through the intranasal route and demonstrated superior immunogenicity. The immune protection efficacy of the probiotic vaccine was evaluated by challenging the immunized dogs with virulent CDV 42 days after primary immunization. Dogs of the pPGΔCm-T7g10-EGFP-H/L. casei 393 group were completely protected against CDV. The proposed probiotic vaccine could be promising for protection against CDV infection in dogs.
Highlights
Canine distemper (CD) is an acute, highly contagious disease caused by the canine distemper virus (CDV) [1,2]
Western blot results showed that the H protein of Canine distemper virus (CDV) and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) protein can be effectively expressed by the recombinant strain pPG∆Cm -T7g10-EGFP-H/L. casei 393 (Figure 3B)
Western blot results showed that the H protein of CDV and EGFP protein can be effectively expressed by the recombinant strain pPGΔCm-T7g10-EGFP-H/L. casei393 (Figure 3B)
Summary
Canine distemper (CD) is an acute, highly contagious disease caused by the canine distemper virus (CDV) [1,2]. This disease spreads rapidly with a wide range of hosts and is distributed worldwide [3]. The mortality rate is closely dependent on the host species and can reach up to 50% in domestic dogs and 100% in ferrets [6]. CDV is transmitted by aerosols, and the virus enters the host through the nasal or oral routes. It initiates replication by contacting the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM/CD150)
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