Protective efficacy of antioxidants on cisplatin-induced tissue damage caused in Leishmania donovani infected BALB/c mice against murine visceral leishmaniasis

Abstract

Objective: Therapeutic interventions against visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are limited and facing serious concerns of toxicity, high cost and emerging resistance, there is a greater interest in new drug developments which are cost effective, efficient and easily available to people suffering from leishmaniasis. Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II; CDDP) has been found to have antileishmanial activity in vitro and in vivo which lead towards an apoptosis like cell death of both promastigotes and amastigotes and a significant reduction in parasite load and enhanced DTH responses which suggested the generation of protective cell-mediated immune responses. But, at higher doses it causes nephrotoxicity-a major side effect. The present study was designed to evaluate the protective efficacy of antioxidants on cisplatin induced tissue damage in Leishmania donovani infected BALB/c mice. Materials and methods: L. donovani infected and uninfected animals were treated with higher doses (5 and 2.5 mg/kg body weight) of cisplatin alone and in combination with antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E and silibinin) for 5 days. Mice were examined for the protective effects of antioxidants on cisplatin indiced tissue damage by DNA fragmentation and histological studies of kidneys, liver and spleen. Results: The damage caused by cisplatin was ameliorated after the supplementation of antioxidants showing a marked reduction in the extent of tubular damage, the focal reaction changes in liver were reversed and no signs of toxicity in the spleen were reported. Moreover, no DNA damage was observed in animals treated with cisplatin along with various antioxidants. Conclusion: The present results showed that antioxidants helped in the amelioration of drug induced toxic effects against murine visceral leishmaniasis, making the combination a potential anti-leishmanial therapy.