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Abstract
Weight control based on dietary restriction (DR) alone can cause lipid metabolic failure and progression to fatty liver. This study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise on preventing DR-induced hepatic fat accumulation in Zucker fatty (ZF) rats by focusing on the relationship between adipose tissue lipolysis and hepatic fat uptake. Six-week-old male ZF rats were randomly assigned to obese, DR, or DR with exercise (DR + Ex) groups. The DR and DR + Ex groups were fed a restricted diet, with the latter also undergoing voluntary exercise. After 6 weeks, hepatic fat accumulation was observed in the DR group, whereas intrahepatic fat was markedly reduced in the DR + Ex group. Compared with the obese (Ob) group, the DR group exhibited 2.09-fold expression of hepatic fatty acid translocase (FAT)/CD36 proteins (p < 0.01) and 0.14-fold expression of hepatic fatty acid-binding protein (FABP)1 (p < 0.01). There were no significant differences between the DR + Ex group and the Ob group. FAT/CD36 and hepatic triglyceride (TG) expression levels were strongly positively correlated (r = 0.81, p < 0.001), whereas there was a strong negative correlation between FABP1 and hepatic TG expression levels (r = −0.65, p < 0.001). Our results suggest that hepatic fat accumulation induced by DR in ZF rats might be prevented through exercise-induced modifications in FAT/CD36 and FABP1 expression.
Highlights
An increase in hepatic fat accumulation causes systemic metabolic abnormalities in the body, leading to the development of fatty liver, which may evolve into liver cirrhosis and a marked increase in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma [1]
Nonalcoholic fatty liver tends to be a comorbidity of obesity or being overweight, hepatic fat accumulation can develop in non-obese individuals
At 12 weeks of age, rats in the obese (Ob; p < 0.01), dietary restriction (DR; p < 0.05), and dietary restriction plus exercise (DR + Ex; p < 0.05) groups weighed significantly more than animals in the lean control (L) group (Figure 1a)
Summary
An increase in hepatic fat accumulation causes systemic metabolic abnormalities in the body, leading to the development of fatty liver, which may evolve into liver cirrhosis and a marked increase in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma [1]. Nonalcoholic fatty liver tends to be a comorbidity of obesity or being overweight, hepatic fat accumulation can develop in non-obese individuals. This tendency is especially common among Asians [2,3,4] as they have a low storage capacity for subcutaneous adipose tissue [2]. Various conditions associated with severe malnutrition (e.g., kwashiorkor) can cause fatty liver disease [6]. These observations suggest that both excessive food intake and inadequate nutrition contribute to fat accumulation in the liver
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