Abstract
Unsaponifiable matter (USM) from perilla seed meal contains numerous phytochemicals, including tocopherols, phytosterols, squalene, and policosanols, that exhibit antioxidant and health-promoting properties. In this study, the protective effects of USM on UVB-induced skin aging were investigated in Hs68 cells. UVB irradiation decreased cell viability by 26% compared to the control. However, USM blocked UVB-induced cytotoxicity. Moreover, USM treatment significantly decreased the UVB-induced production of reactive oxygen species and attenuated the UVB-induced production and mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) by inhibiting the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and activator protein 1 (AP-1). Furthermore, UVB exposure led to a 49.4% reduction in collagen synthesis. However, USM treatment restored collagen synthesis through upregulation of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)/Smad2/3 pathways. These data indicate that USM regulates the production of MMPs and collagen by modulation of the TGF-β/Smad pathway and AP-1 activity, suggesting that USM may be a useful anti-photoaging ingredient.
Highlights
Skin aging can be classified into extrinsic and intrinsic aging
When activator protein 1 (AP-1) is activated, it promotes the transcription of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which in turn degrade the main components of extracellular matrix (ECM), including elastin, proteoglycans, and collagen [6]
We found that unsaponifiable matter (USM) treatment significantly reduced the UVBthat USM inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which elicits a protective effect
Summary
Skin aging can be classified into extrinsic and intrinsic aging. Intrinsic aging is caused by a natural consequence of physiological changes over time [1], while extrinsic aging involves various factors, including pollutants, smoking, and ultraviolet (UV) light that accelerate the aging process [2,3]. UV irradiation increases the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), considered the most important factor in the aging process, and up-regulates the phosphorylation level of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). With increasing interest in the development of functional materials with very few side effects, studies are being conducted to find various plant extracts that inhibit skin aging. These materials represent various biological effects because they contain a large amount of physiological active substances. We investigated the underlying mechanisms responsible for collagen degradation and synthesis, focusing on the MAPK/AP-1 and the TGF-β/Smad pathways
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