Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and evaluate the effects of sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum (SSGL) in relieving aflatoxicosis in broilers. A total of 300 one-day-old male Arbor Acre broiler chickens were randomly divided into four dietary treatments; the treatment diets were: Control (a basal diet containing normal peanut meal); AFB1 (the basal diet containing AFB1-contaminated peanut meal); SSGL (basal diet with 200 mg/kg of SSGL); AFB1+SSGL (supplementation of 200 mg/kg of SSGL in AFB1 diet). The contents of AFB1 in AFB1 and AFB1+SSGL diets were 25.0 μg/kg in the starter period and 22.5 μg/kg in the finisher period. The results showed that diet contaminated with a low level of AFB1 significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the average daily feed intake and average daily gain during the entire experiment and reduced (p < 0.05) serum contents of total protein IgA and IgG. Furthermore, a dietary low level of AFB1 not only increased (p < 0.05) levels of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation, but also decreased (p < 0.05) total antioxidant capability, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and hydroxyl radical scavenger activity in the liver and spleen of broilers. Moreover, the addition of SSGL to AFB1-contaminated diet counteracted these negative effects, indicating that SSGL has a protective effect against aflatoxicosis.
Highlights
Aflatoxins (AFBs) are the most common mycotoxins and are mainly produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus [1]
The addition of spores of Ganoderma lucidum (SSGL) into the diet contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) significantly increased (p < 0.05) the average daily feed intake (ADFI) of broilers as compared to the AFB1 group
In the SSGL group had a lower (p < 0.05) MDA level than those in AFB1 group. These results showed that diets contaminated with AFB1 could aggravate the oxidative status of broilers, which could be relieved by the supplementation of SSGL
Summary
Aflatoxins (AFBs) are the most common mycotoxins and are mainly produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus [1]. The polysaccharides from SGL had potent stimulating effects on spleen mass, lymphocyte proliferation and antibody production in mice [17,18]. Fatty acids are another kind of potential active ingredient of SGL, which showed high bioactivities in antitumor and immunomodulation in rats [19,20]. Yue et al [22] observed that dietary sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum (SSGL) were more effective in stimulating the production of interferon-γ, interleukin-2, interleukin-4 and interleukin-6 in mice than dietary sporoderm-unbroken spores of G. lucidum. SSGL was chosen to evaluate its protective effects on growth performance, antioxidant function and serum immunoglobulins of male Arbor Acre broilers exposed to a low level of AFB1
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