Abstract
Clothianidin (CTD) is a member of the neonicotinoid group of insecticides. This study was performed to determine the effect of quercetin on clothianidin-induced liver injury (CTD) in rats. Rats were randomly assigned to a normal control (saline), a CTD control-treated group (20 mg/kg) every 3 days for 21 days, and CTD + quercetin-treated groups (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg) for 35 days intraperitoneally. Enzyme activity, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), was measured by spectrophotometry in serum samples by an automatic biochemical analyzer using commercial kits. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitrate-nitrite were measured in homogeneous liver tissue samples of animals. A significant increase in ALT and AST enzyme activity was observed in the CTD group in comparison with that of the control groups. In the clothianidin + quercetin (10 mg/kg) group, the ALT and AST enzyme levels decreased compared to the clothianidin control group significantly (P < 0.05). The MDA value of the liver increased in the clothianidin-treated group compared to that of the control groups (P < 0.05). Decreased tissue TAC level was observed in the CTD-treated group in comparison with that of the control groups (P < 0.05). The MDA level of the liver decreased in the clothianidin + quercetin (10 mg/kg) group compared to that of the CTD control group (P < 0.05). Quercetin significantly raised the level of TAC in the liver tissue of the clothianidin + quercetin (10 mg/kg) treated group compared to that of the clothianidin control group (P < 0.05). Liver nitrate-nitrite measurement showed a significant increase in the clothianidin group compared to that of the normal control group (P < 0.05). Nitrate-nitrite level in the liver was decreased in clothianidin + quercetin (10 mg/kg) compared to that of the clothianidin control group significantly (P < 0.05). Histopathological investigation revealed that contact to the CTD induced tissue disorganization and inflammatory cell infiltration, but minor histopathological alterations in the liver tissues of rats treated with CTD and quercetin (10 mg/kg) were detected.
Highlights
A new category of toxins are neonicotinoids, which are potent insecticides that can be used for crop safety and ectoparasite control in companion animals [1]
Due to its physical and chemical properties and high systemic root activity, CTD can be used in various useful strategies, including foliar, seed treatment, seed soaking, and soil application [10]. e CTD is an agonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), and it Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine affects the regular neural signaling pathway by binding to the acetylcholine receptor on the postsynaptic membrane [4]
Results e levels of AST and ALT in comparison to those of control groups showed that clothianidin administration significantly raised serum levels of ALT and AST in the CTD group (P < 0.05)
Summary
A new category of toxins are neonicotinoids, which are potent insecticides that can be used for crop safety and ectoparasite control in companion animals [1]. Because of their low toxicity to animals, they have been gradually used worldwide, sometimes replacing organophosphate and carbamate pesticides [2]. E insecticidal action of neonicotinoids is attributed to their activity on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) [3, 4]. E CTD is an agonist of the nAChR, and it Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine affects the regular neural signaling pathway by binding to the acetylcholine receptor on the postsynaptic membrane [4] Due to its physical and chemical properties and high systemic root activity, CTD can be used in various useful strategies, including foliar, seed treatment, seed soaking, and soil application [10]. e CTD is an agonist of the nAChR, and it Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine affects the regular neural signaling pathway by binding to the acetylcholine receptor on the postsynaptic membrane [4]
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