Protective Effects of Probucol on Different Brain Cells Exposed to Manganese

Abstract

Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal for many functions in the body. However, in excess, it can be neurotoxic and cause a Parkinson-like syndrome, known as manganism. Here, we aimed to identify a protective effect of probucol, a lipid-lowering agent with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, against Mn-induced toxicity in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) and glioblastoma (C6) cell lines. The cells were incubated with increasing concentrations ofMnfollowed by probucol addition 1, 3, 6, and/or 24h toassess themetal toxic doses and measurethe protectiveeffectofprobucol against Mn-induced oxidative damage. Longer exposition to Mn showed decreased SH-SY5Y cellular viability inconcentrations higherthan100µM, andprobucolwas able to prevent this effect. The C6cells were more sensitive to the Mn deleterious actions, decreasing the cell viabilityafter 6h of 500µM Mn exposure. In addition,probucol prevents the complexI and II of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) inhibition caused by Mn and decreased the intracellular ROS production. Taken together, our results showed that Mn toxicity affects differently both cell lines and probucolhas a protective effect against the oxidative imbalance in the central nervous system.