Abstract
Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels fruit is used as a liver tonic in Indian traditional medicine. The present study was undertaken to investigate the protective effects of ethanolic extract (70%) of Phyllanthus acidus fruits (PAE) on acetaminophen (paracetamol, APAP) induced acute hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. The effect on cytochrome P450 enzyme system using pentobarbital induced sleeping time (PST) and free radical scavenging potential using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) was also determined. Hepatotoxicity was achieved by administering a single oral dose of APAP (2 g/kg). PAE administered at a dose of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o. showed a significant hepatoprotection against APAP-liver toxicity as evidenced by reduced serum markers and histopathological observation of liver tissues. Reduced enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant levels and elevated lipid peroxidation due to APAP intoxication, were significantly restored to normalcy by pretreatment with PAE. The PAE also showed prolongation of PST and DPPH scavenging potential. The results were compared with silymarin (100 mg/kg, p.o.), which found more effective than plant extract being tested. Collectively, the preset study clear that the ethanolic extract of Phyllanthus acidus fruit has hepatoprotective activity against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in rats and this is likely mediated through the inhibition of P450-mediated APAP bioactivation, free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities.
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