Abstract
Background: Energy drinks (EDs) are commonly used to prevent fatigue, enhance physical, and cognitive performance. Its administration induces toxic effects in body. Omega-3 is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent that helps in proper functioning of immune system. Objectives of this study were to evaluate the morphological effects of fish oil omega 3 fatty acids (Eicosapentaenoic acid / Docosahexaenoic acid) on energy drink induced ovarian cytotoxicity in adult female albino rats. Methods: The study was conducted at animal house, Anatomy department, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore from January to march 2019. ARRIVE guidelines were followed for conduct of animal study. Ethical approval was obtained from PGMI, Lahore and Advanced Studies and Research Board of University of Health Sciences, Lahore. The study comprised 36 adult female albino rats divided into 3 groups i.e., control, energy drink and omega 3 treated. Rats were sacrificed, ovaries extracted, and sections were stained with H&E and PAS. SPSS version 21.0 were used. Results: Statistically significant difference was present in gross parameters between the control and experimental groups. Energy drink administration caused a decrease in diameter of mature graafian follicle and diameter of the oocyte. Disruption in basement membrane was more pronounced in Energy drink treated group. Conclusion: Energy drinks were found to cause cytotoxic effects on ovarian and oocyte morphology, ultimately leading to infertility. Omega 3 reduces the extent of damage caused by the intake of energy drinks.
Highlights
Changed pace of life, pervasive haste and the need of being available twenty-four hours a day cause an increasing number of population to access a group of beverages called the caffeinated energy drinks (EDs) [1]
This study provides an estimate of the prevalence of ovarian tissue damage caused by using energy drinks
Effects of Energy drinks (EDs) on body weight: At the start of the experiment the mean body weight of animals in all groups was not significantly different (p-value = 0.699) whereas there was a statistically significant difference in mean body weights among groups at the end of the experiment (p < 0.001). (Figure 2) For multiple comparisons, post hoc Tukey test showed that final weight gain in group B and C were significantly higher as compared to control group. (Table 2) The comparison of mean paired ovarian weight and volume in all groups was significantly significant (p< 0.001) (Figure 3)
Summary
Pervasive haste and the need of being available twenty-four hours a day cause an increasing number of population to access a group of beverages called the caffeinated energy drinks (EDs) [1]. ED’s have gained a widespread popularity since their first appearance all around the globe The manufacturers attribute these enhanced effects to the unique mixture of the ingredients including caffeine, taurine and glucuronolactone [4]. ED’s contain extra caffeine through extracts like guarana, kola nut, yerba mate, and cocoa These additives increase the total caffeine content and efficacy of ED [7]. Objectives of this study were to evaluate the morphological effects of fish oil omega 3 fatty acids (Eicosapentaenoic acid / Docosahexaenoic acid) on energy drink induced ovarian cytotoxicity in adult female albino rats. The study comprised 36 adult female albino rats divided into 3 groups i.e., control, energy drink and omega 3 treated. Conclusion: Energy drinks were found to cause cytotoxic effects on ovarian and oocyte morphology, leading to infertility. Omega 3 reduces the extent of damage caused by the intake of energy drinks
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
