Abstract
Hepatic protective effects of Ligularia fischeri (LF) and Aronia melanocarpa (AM) against alcohol were investigated in vitro and in vivo test. LF, AM, and those composed mixing material (LF+AM) were treated in HepG2 cell. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activities were significantly increased in each singleness extract and mixed composite. The protective effect on alcoholic liver damage was investigated by animal models. Serum alcohol level and acetaldehyde level were significantly decreased by LF+AM treatment in acute experimental model. In the chronic mouse model study, we had found that the increased plasma liver damage index (alkaline phosphatase) by alcohol treatment was declined by oral administration of LF+AM extraction composite. As well as, it was identified that the protection effect was induced by increasing catalase activity and suppressing COX-2, TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-6 mRNA expressions. CYP2E1 mRNA expression was also increased. These results suggest that oral ingestion of LF and AM mixed composite is able to protect liver against alcohol-induced injury by increasing alcohol metabolism activity and antioxidant system along with decreasing inflammatory responses.
Highlights
Alcohol consumption has become popular worldwide, for relieving stress and for socializing [1, 2]
In vitro experiment results showed that the activities of Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), which are the main enzymes on alcohol metabolism, were increased by each natural product extract and mixed composite treatment
In the acute model animal experiment, Ligularia fischeri (LF)+Aronia melanocarpa (AM) composite (9 : 1, w/w) treated group showed that significant decrease of blood alcohol and acetaldehyde levels than the untreated group
Summary
Alcohol consumption has become popular worldwide, for relieving stress and for socializing [1, 2]. Hangover after drinking may cause symptoms such as headache, vomiting, nausea, and muscle ache, while causing mental and social detriment [3]. Excessive drinking may cause ischemic heart disease, pancreatic cancer, esophageal cancer, oral cancer, and diabetes [4]; it can be the cause of various liver diseases, including liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, and fatty liver [5]. Most habitual drinkers have alcoholic fatty liver, while 10-35% have alcoholic hepatitis, and 10-20% have alcoholic liver cirrhosis. The seriousness of alcoholic liver diseases has become a major issue. The disease treatment is very costly, and there is a growing trend in consumer demand for materials and foods, which can improve liver functions to prevent such diseases
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