Abstract
The study was designed to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of the standardized aqueous and 80% ethanol extracts of Labisia pumila var. alata (LPva) in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. The extracts were administered to Wistar rats orally for 28 days with three doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of body weight) prior to ISO (85 mg/kg)-induced MI in two doses on day 29 and 30. The sera and hearts were collected for biochemical and histopathological analysis after the rats were sacrificed 48 h after the first induction. The main components of the extracts, gallic acid, alkylresorcinols and flavonoids were identified and quantitatively analyzed in the extracts by using a validated reversed phase HPLC method. The extracts showed significant protective effects as pretreated rats showed a significant dose-dependent decrease (p < 0.05) in cardiac enzyme activities, i.e., cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), when compared with ISO-control rats. There were significant rises (p < 0.05) in the activity of oxidase enzymes, i.e., glutathione peroxide (GPx), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) of the pretreated rats, when compared with ISO-control group. Histopathological examination showed an improvement in membrane cell integrity in pre-treated rats compared to untreated rats. The major components of LPva extracts can be used as their biomarkers and contributed to the cardioprotective effects against ISO-induced MI rats.
Highlights
Myocardial infarction (MI) is an irreversible necrosis of tissue of a region of the myocardium caused by ischemia, which is a perfusion imbalance between demand and supply of blood to the heart via the coronary circulation
Low elevations of serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in both aqueous and 80% ethanol extracts of Labisia pumila var. alata (LPva) (10–40 fold) when compared to ISO-induced rats (80-fold) indicated a protection given by LPva towards membrane cell integrity which eventually reduced the severity of cardiac injury
Our study revealed that administration of two-repeated high dose of isoproterenol significantly decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxide (GPx) and catalase levels which are consistent with findings in previous reports [31]
Summary
Myocardial infarction (MI) is an irreversible necrosis of tissue of a region of the myocardium caused by ischemia, which is a perfusion imbalance between demand and supply of blood to the heart via the coronary circulation. The evidence of MI can be identified by elevations of different proteins released into the blood by the damaged myocytes These biomarkers include cardiac troponin T and I (cTnT and cTnI), creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and many others. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during the MI especially after reperfusion would directly injure the cell membrane and cause cell death They stimulate the releasing of inflammatory cytokines which both ROS and cytokines play role on apoptosis and intracellular Ca2+ overload which eventually leading to necrotic stage [6]. Most of them possess antioxidant potentials which scavenge and stabilize the ROS leading to maintaining the MI biochemical parameters towards normal These natural products were shown to reduce the cardiac histopathology damage and normalize the electrocardiographic changes after ISO intoxication [5]. The present study focused on evaluation of the cardioprotective effects of LPva on isoproterenol-induced MI in rats through analyses of the biochemical markers and histopathological parameters
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