Abstract
Multi-factorial mitochondrial damage exhibits a “vicious circle” that leads to a progression of mitochondrial dysfunction and multi-organ adverse effects. Mitochondrial impairments (mitochondriopathies) are associated with severe pathologies including but not restricted to cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegeneration. However, the type and level of cascading pathologies are highly individual. Consequently, patient stratification, risk assessment, and mitigating measures are instrumental for cost-effective individualized protection. Therefore, the paradigm shift from reactive to predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (3PM) is unavoidable in advanced healthcare. Flavonoids demonstrate evident antioxidant and scavenging activity are of great therapeutic utility against mitochondrial damage and cascading pathologies. In the context of 3PM, this review focuses on preclinical and clinical research data evaluating the efficacy of flavonoids as a potent protector against mitochondriopathies and associated pathologies.
Highlights
The terms mitochondrial function and dysfunction are widely employed in bioenergetics and cell biology
The outcomes of this study have revealed that lysionotin could control oxidative stress, which was found to be involved in lysionotin-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis by regulating nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway [115]
The results showed that treatment with fisetin could suppress mitochondrial oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction and repress glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) activity, where the induced effects were reported as possible mechanisms of action [133]
Summary
The terms mitochondrial function and dysfunction are widely employed in bioenergetics and cell biology. The paradigm shift from reactive to predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (3PM) is based on healthcare approaches leveraging targeted preventive measures that account for chronic diseases and ethical as well as economic aspects of medical services [8,9]. The beneficial health effects of flavonoids, naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds, have attracted medical research, including their utilization in pathologies associated with mitochondrial impairments [11] such as cancers, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases [12]. The efficacy of flavonoids is supported by extensive preclinical evidence that represents the basis for further research into the potential future use of these compounds in specific targeted and personalized therapy of mitochondriopathies according to the 3PM approach [13,14,15,16,17,18,19]. This review discusses the efficacy of flavonoids in mitochondriopathies such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and neurodegenerative disorders, highlighting the need for advanced implementation of 3PM
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