Abstract
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) may be considered as alternative treatment for periodontitis and benefit the heart by way of its ameliorative effects. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of CAPE on cytokine levels and the oxidative status in the serum and heart tissue in a rat model of periodontitis. Experimental animals were randomly assigned to 3 groups: control group (C; n = 8); periodontitis group (P; n = 10); and periodontitis + CAPE group (PC; n = 10). Caffeic acid phenethyl ester, at a dose of 10 μmol/kg/day, was administered by intraperitoneal injection over a 14-day period. Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL‑10 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were assessed in the serum. Glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed in both the serum and the heart tissue homogenate. Increased IL‑1β, IL‑10 and TNF-α serum levels were observed in the P group (p < 0.05). Caffeic acid phenethyl ester significantly decreased alveolar bone loss (ABL) and cytokine levels in the PC group (p < 0.05). Malondialdehyde, one of the strongest oxidants, was significantly decreased in the PC group as compared to the P group (p < 0.05). In both the serum and the heart tissue homogenate there were no differences in MDA levels between the PC and C groups. Furthermore, CAPE significantly increased GSH and GSH-Px levels in the serum and heart tissue (p < 0.05). Caffeic acid phenethyl ester has beneficial effects on the tissues affected by periodontitis.
Highlights
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is an active polyphenolic compound and a valuable element of propolis, which is a component of honey
Malondialdehyde, one of the strongest oxidants, was significantly decreased in the periodontitis + CAPE group (PC) group as compared to the P group (p < 0.05). In both the serum and the heart tissue homogenate there were no differences in MDA levels between the PC and C groups
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental study to assess the effects of CAPE on alveolar bone loss (ABL), cytokine levels and the oxidative status in the serum and heart tissue in an experimental periodontitis model
Summary
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is an active polyphenolic compound and a valuable element of propolis, which is a component of honey. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester inhibits the stimulation of p38 MAPK, the activity of caspase-3, and the production of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)). It reduces cardiomyocyte apoptosis in cardiac tissues.[5]. The CAPE-based protection of cardiac myocytes is likely accomplished through inhibition – through the inhibition of inflammatory signaling, and via the inhibition of cell death.[6] Another useful effect of CAPE on cardiomyocyte cells is the control of accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Reactive oxygen species play a pivotal role in tissue harm and diseases Several pathological conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (atherosclerosis, hypertension and congestive failure), can be stimulated when intracellular redox homeostasis is impaired.[7,8]. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) may be considered as alternative treatment for periodontitis and benefit the heart by way of its ameliorative effects
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