Protective effects of baicalein and wogonin against benzo[ a]pyrene- and aflatoxin B 1-induced genotoxicities

Abstract

To evaluate the protective effects of baicalein and wogonin against benzo[ a]pyrene- and aflatoxin (AF) B 1-induced toxicities, the effects of these flavonoids on the genotoxicities and oxidation of benzo[ a]pyrene and AFB 1 were studied in C57BL/6J mice. Baicalein and wogonin reduced benzo[ a]pyrene and AFB 1 genotoxicities as monitored by the umuC gene expression response in Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002. Baicalein added in vitro decreased liver microsomal benzo[ a]pyrene hydroxylation (AHH) activity with an ic 50 of 33.9 ± 1.4 μM at 100 μM benzo[ a]pyrene. Baicalein also inhibited AFQ 1 and AFB 1-epoxide formation from AFB 1 (50 μM) oxidation (AFO) with ic 50 values of 22.8 ± 1.4 and 5.3 ± 0.8 μM, respectively. However, the in vitro inhibitory effects of wogonin on AHH and AFO activities in liver microsomes were less than those of baicalein as inhibition by 500 μM wogonin was only about 51–65%. Treatment of mice with liquid diets containing 5 mM baicalein and wogonin resulted in 22 and 49% decreases in hepatic AHH activities, respectively. Baicalein treatment resulted in 39 and 32% decreases in AFQ 1 and AFB 1-epoxide formation from liver microsomal AFO, respectively. Wogonin treatment resulted in 39 and 47% decreases in AFQ 1 and AFB 1-epoxide formation, respectively. A 1-week pretreatment with wogonin significantly decreased hepatic DNA adduct formation in mice treated with 200 mg/kg of benzo[ a]pyrene via gastrogavage. These in vitro and in vivo effects suggested that baicalein and wogonin might have beneficial effects against benzo[ a]pyrene- and AFB 1-induced hepatic toxicities and that wogonin had a stronger protective effect in vivo.