Abstract
2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside (TSG), an active polyphenolic component of Polygonum multiflorum, exhibits many pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-aging effects. A previous study demonstrated that TSG protected MC3T3-E1 cells from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced cell damage and the inhibition of osteoblastic differentiation. However, no studies have investigated the prevention of ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice. Therefore, we investigated the effects of TSG on bone loss in ovariectomized mice (OVX). Treatment with TSG (1 and 3 μg/g; i.p.) for six weeks positively affected body weight, uterine weight, organ weight, bone length, and weight change because of estrogen deficiency. The levels of the serum biochemical markers of calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus (IP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total cholesterol (TCHO) decreased in the TSG-treated mice when compared with the OVX mice. Additionally, the serum bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) levels in the TSG-treated OVX mice were significantly increased compared with the OVX mice, while the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity was significantly reduced. Furthermore, the OVX mice treated with TSG showed a significantly reduced bone loss compared to the untreated OVX mice upon micro-computed tomography (CT) analysis. Consequently, bone destruction in osteoporotic mice as a result of ovariectomy was inhibited by the administration of TSG. These findings indicate that TSG effectively prevents bone loss in OVX mice; therefore, it can be considered as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Highlights
Osteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone mass and bone microstructure destruction, which increases the risk of fracture
These findings demonstrated that TSG has an inhibitory effect on the increase in weight induced by estrogen deficiency (Figure 1)
We showed that the PM hot water extract contributed significantly to the prevention or treatment of bone loss induced by OVX in mice [38]
Summary
Osteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone mass and bone microstructure destruction, which increases the risk of fracture. Osteoporosis normally occurs more often in women than men [2], especially after menopause, when bone loss rapidly increases [3]. The average age of Korean menopause is 51 years, and it is primarily caused by a reduction of female hormones due to ovarian dysfunction [4,5]. A hormone secreted by the ovary, plays a role in the inhibition of bone resorption and has significant effects on bone formation. Blood estrogen inhibits the destruction of bones via osteoclast differentiation, promotes the differentiation of osteoblasts that make bone, and protects bone by maintaining osteogenesis [6,7]
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