Protective effect of telmisartan against cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity in mice

Abstract

AimsTo investigate the nephroprotective effect of telmisartan, the angiotensin II receptor antagonist, against renal injury induced by cadmium in mice. Main methodsMice received cadmium chloride at a dose of 1.2mg Cd/kg/day, s.c., for nine weeks. Telmisartan treatment (1mg/kg/day, orally) was started one week before cadmium administration and continued for ten weeks. Key findingsTelmisartan significantly reduced blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels which were increased by cadmium. Also, telmisartan significantly suppressed lipid peroxidation, compensated deficits in the antioxidant defenses [reduced glutathione (GSH) level and catalase activity], decreased the elevations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO) and cadmium ion concentration, and attenuated the reductions of selenium and zinc ions in renal tissue resulted from cadmium administration. Histopathological examination revealed that cadmium-induced renal tissue damage was ameliorated by telmisartan treatment. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that telmisartan significantly decreased the cadmium-induced overexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Fas ligand (FasL) and caspase-3 in renal tissue. SignificanceTelmisartan, through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, effectively prevented cadmium nephrotoxicity in mice. Hence, telmisartan represents a potential candidate to protect the kidney from the detrimental effect of cadmium toxicity.