Abstract
Background and PurposeOxidative stress is involved in normal and pathological functioning of skeletal muscle. Protection of myoblasts from oxidative stress may improve muscle contraction and delay aging. Here we studied the effect of R. coriaria sumac fruit extract on human myoblasts and zebrafish embryos in conditions of hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress.Study Design and MethodsCrude ethanolic 70% extract (CE) and its fractions was obtained from sumac fruits. The composition of sumac ethyl acetate EtOAc fraction was studied by 1H NMR. The viability of human myoblasts treated with CE and the EtOAc fraction was determined by trypan blue exclusion test. Oxidative stress, cell cycle and adhesion were analyzed by flow cytometry and microscopy. Gene expression was analyzed by qPCR.ResultsThe EtOAc fraction (IC50 2.57 µg/mL) had the highest antioxidant activity and exhibited the best protective effect against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. It also restored cell adhesion. This effect was mediated by superoxide dismutase 2 and catalase. Pre-treatment of zebrafish embryos with low concentrations of the EtOAc fraction protected them from hydrogen peroxide-induced death in vivo. 1H NMR analysis revealed the presence of gallic acid in this fraction.ConclusionRhus coriaria extracts inhibited or slowed down the progress of skeletal muscle atrophy by decreasing oxidative stress via superoxide dismutase 2 and catalase-dependent mechanisms.
Highlights
Skeletal muscles constitute about 40% of total body mass in humans and are essential for many functions, such as locomotion, postural maintenance, metabolic homeostasis, respiration, and thermoregulation (Frontera & Ochala, 2015)
Pre-treatment of zebrafish embryos with low concentrations of the EtOAc fraction protected them from hydrogen peroxide-induced death in vivo. 1H NMR analysis revealed the presence of gallic acid in this fraction
Antioxidant activity of sumac extracts was evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging and β-carotene bleaching assays
Summary
Skeletal muscles constitute about 40% of total body mass in humans and are essential for many functions, such as locomotion, postural maintenance, metabolic homeostasis, respiration, and thermoregulation (Frontera & Ochala, 2015). MDs are multifactorial pathologies in which nutritional, endocrine, metabolic and immunological components contribute to muscle depletion In this context, skeletal muscle wasting is associated with increased oxidative stress (Moylan & Reid, 2007; Powers & Jackson, 2008). We studied the effect of R. coriaria sumac fruit extract on human myoblasts and zebrafish embryos in conditions of hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. The EtOAc fraction (IC50 2.57 μg/mL) had the highest antioxidant activity and exhibited the best protective effect against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. Rhus coriaria extracts inhibited or slowed down the progress of skeletal muscle atrophy by decreasing oxidative stress via superoxide dismutase 2 and catalasedependent mechanisms
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