Abstract
Human impact on the environment was steadily increasing the amounts of aluminum in the ecosystems. This element accumulated in plants and water. Potentially increased its harmful effect; particularly, it induced free radical-mediated cytotoxicity and reproductive toxicity. Propolis was a resinous material collected by bees from bud and exudates of the plants, mixed with bee enzymes, pollen, and wax. Due to its waxy nature and mechanical properties, bees used propolis in the construction and repair of their hives, and as a protective barrier against external invaders, or weathering threats, Current antimicrobial properties of propolis, was helping for wound healing, treatment of burns, herpes simplex and genital herpes. The present work studied the protective effect of propolis against the reproductive toxicity of aluminum chloride in male rats.
Highlights
Introduction vascular degeneration on spermatogenic andSertoli cells cytoplasm.Aluminum was widely spread in our environment
Our studies postulated that aluminum chloride exposure caused marked alterations in the histological pattern of the tests which were represented by some of the seminiferous tubules were degenerated, while others appeared necrotic
Our present study cells in the center of seminiferous tubules. These results showed no histological changes in the germ cells which parallel to Liobet et al.[21], Guo et al.[23], Fairoze [24], line the seminiferous tubules as well as normal interstitial
Summary
Aluminum was widely spread in our environment It was the third most abundant element on the earth’s crust [1]. It has no known biological role in Propolis was a natural resinous mixture produced by honeybees from substances collected from parts of plants, buds, and exudates. Due to its living organisms and may be classified as toxic metal waxy nature and mechanical properties, bees used [2]. It was widely used for the manufacturing of many propolis in the construction and repair of their hives,
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