Protective effect of Phytochemicals against Cisplatin induced Nephrotoxicity

Abstract

Cisplatin is an inorganic platinum-based oncologic medication and has a broad spectrum of uses in the therapeutic management of number of solid malignant tumour. FDA approved the clinical use of cisplatin in the year 1978. Since then, it has been used alone or in combination with other drugs in chemotherapy. Though, it has highly cured rate for the treatment of cancer, the use of cisplatin is limited due to its major dose limiting side effects such as nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. The development of cisplatin nephrotoxicity is complex and a number of interrelated factors such as transporter mediated cisplatin accumulation, conversion into nephrotoxins, formation of DNA adducts, mitochondrial dysfunction, nitrosative and oxidative stress, inflammation, signal transducers and apoptotic pathway activation are involved. A number of synthetic drugs are available for the management of cisplatin toxicity but associated with a number of serious side effects such as hypotension, ototoxicity, nausea, vomiting and decreased calcium levels. In addition, various reports show that most of these compounds show unwanted tumour protective activity. Literature review suggested that phytochemicals are reported to have preventive activity in CIRT and it is evident that these compounds showed a pronounced renoprotective activity against CIRT. Therefore, in this review, we highlight the role of the phytochemicals, which are shown to be efficacious in clinically