Protective Effect of Grape (Vitis vinifera) Seed Powder and Zinc-Glycine Complex on Growth Traits and Gut Health of Broilers Following Eimeria tenella Challenge.

Naila Chand,Vincenzo Tufarelli,Alireza Seidavi,Mutassim A Abdelrahman,Hani Albadani,Vito Laudadio,Ibrahim A Alhidary,Pervez Ali,Murad Ali Khan,Rifat Ullah Khan

doi:10.3390/antibiotics10020186

Abstract

The current study was conducted to evaluate the impact of grape (Vitis vinifera) seed powder and zinc-glycine complex on growth parameters and cecal health of broiler following Eimeria tenella challenge. A total of 250 day-old male broilers (Hubbard) were distributed into five treatments as follows: I—negative control (basal diet); II—positive control (E. tenella challenge); III—group infected + Amprolium; IV—group coccidial infection + organic zinc (OZ) at 50 ppm + grape seed powder (GSP) at 2.5 g/kg; V—coccidial infection + organic zinc (OZ) at 50 ppm + grape seed powder (GSP) at 5.0 g/kg. From findings, a lower (p < 0.05) feed intake was noted for positive control compared to the other treatment groups. Conversely, higher (p < 0.05) body weight, dressing percentage, and feed conversion ratio were observed in infected + Amprolium, GSP2.5 + OZ50, and GSP5 + OZ50 treatments in comparison to the positive control. Moreover, the positive control showed severe cecal lesions of thickness and hemorrhages with mild congestion. The lesion scores decreased (p < 0.05) in GSP and OZ treated groups compared to the positive control. Significant (p < 0.05) lower oocyst per gram of feces was found in infected + Amprolium, GSP2.5 + OZ50, and GSP5 + OZ50 in comparison to positive control. Supplementing diet with GSP and OZ at both levels showed restoration of intense sloughing of villi. From the present findings, it can be concluded that OZ and grape seed powder positively ameliorated the growth performance, lesion score, and oocysts shedding in broilers infected with E. tenella.

Highlights

During the 3rd and 5th weeks, the maximum and the same feed intake was observed in the uninfected control group, infected + Amprolium, GSP2.5 + OZ50, and GSP5 + OZ50; and less (p < 0.05) feed intake was noted in the positive control
During the 4th week, significantly (p < 0.05) higher and the same feed was observed in the negative control group, infected + Amprolium, GSP2.5 + OZ50, and GSP5 + OZ50, while less (p < 0.05) feed intake was noted for the positive control
Lower total feed intake was found in the positive control group, while maximum and non-significantly (p > 0.05) the same feed intake was noted for the negative control, infected + Amprolium, GSP2.5 + OZ50, and GSP5 + OZ50 groups

Summary

Introduction

Coccidiosis is one of the deadliest enteric diseases, causing severe intestinal damage and stunt growth in broilers [1]. This disease is primarily controlled by using chemotherapeutics, mainly anticoccidial drugs [2]. The search for alternatives to these anticoccidial drugs has resulted in an exhaustive list of feed additives of diverse nature [4,5]. These feed additives improve the immune system and reduce the stress level leading to enhanced performance during coccidial infection in birds

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