Abstract
Crucifer vegetables, Brassicaceae and other species of the order Brassicales, e.g., Moringaceae that are commonly consumed as spice and food, have been reported to have potential benefits for the treatment and prevention of several health disorders. Though epidemiologically inconclusive, investigations have shown that consumption of those vegetables may result in reducing and preventing the risks associated with neurodegenerative disease development and may also exert other biological protections in humans. The neuroprotective effects of these vegetables have been ascribed to their secondary metabolites, glucosinolates (GLs), and their related hydrolytic products, isothiocyanates (ITCs) that are largely investigated for their various medicinal effects. Extensive pre-clinical studies have revealed more than a few molecular mechanisms of action elucidating multiple biological effects of GLs hydrolytic products. This review summarizes the most significant and up-to-date in vitro and in vivo neuroprotective actions of sulforaphane (SFN), moringin (MG), phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), 6-(methylsulfinyl) hexyl isothiocyanate (6-MSITC) and erucin (ER) in neurodegenerative diseases.
Highlights
The elderly population is rapidly expanding with the increase in average life expectancy across the globe
When an inhibition study was carried out using Nrf2 small interfering RNA and HO-1 inhibitor, the results indicated the involvement of SFN in the activation of Nrf2 pathway to convey its peculiar neuroprotective activity
The data obtained from the MG-treated and -untreated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) rats displayed a statistically significant difference, triggering the authors to make an optimistic suggestion on further clinical investigations of the biological effect of MG on ALS human patients. More so, when this promising ITC was tested on the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model mimicking multiple sclerosis (MS) disease condition, the results clearly indicated the effectiveness of the compound to abolish a series of inflammatory reactions leading to severe pathological MS condition [49]
Summary
Mohammed Sani Jaafaru 1,2 ID , Nurul Ashikin Abd Karim 2 , Mohamad Eliaser Enas 2 , Patrick Rollin 3 , Emanuela Mazzon 4 ID and Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis 5,6,7, * ID.
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