Protective effect of fermented Cyclopia intermedia against UVB-induced damage in HaCaT human keratinocytes.

A-Rang Im,Jung Seung Lee,Sungwook Chae,Young -Joon Ahn,Sung Hum Yeon,Key An Um

doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1218-6

Abstract

BackgroundThe fermented leaves and stems of Cyclopia intermedia are used to brew honeybush tea, a herbal tea indigenous to South Africa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of fermented honeybush extracts (FH ex) and scale-up fermented honeybush extracts (SFH ex) against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced damage in HaCaT keratinocytes. To this end, we examined UVB-induced cell viability, antioxidant enzymes, and inflammatory mediators in HaCaT cells.MethodsUVB significantly decreased HaCaT cell viability, whereas FH ex and SFH ex did not exhibit cytotoxic effects and increased the viability of the HaCaT cells. To further investigate the protective effects of FH ex on UVB-induced oxidative stress in HaCaT cells, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), pro-inflammatory cytokines and skin barrier function in terms of involucrin, filaggrin, and loricrin were analyzed.ResultsUVB-induced treatment reduced the activity of antioxidant enzymes and skin barrier function, while FH ex or SFH ex increased their activity. These results suggest that FH ex exerted cytoprotective activity against UVB-induced oxidative stress in HaCaT cells through stimulation of antioxidant enzymes activities. Furthermore, FH ex and SFH ex suppressed the UVB-induced expression of inflammatory mediators, such as IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, at mRNA level together with down regulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs). In addition, FH ex and SFH ex reversed the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) induced by UVB-irradiation. Notably, FH ex and SFH ex markedly inhibited UVB-induced activation of ERK, p38, and JNK. Thus, this agent exhibits anti-oxidative and -inflammatory effects via lowering ROS production, suppressing p38, ERK, and JNK activation, and down-regulating expression of MMPs.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that FH ex and SFH ex can be used as a skin anti-photoaging agent.

Highlights

The fermented leaves and stems of Cyclopia intermedia are used to brew honeybush tea, a herbal tea indigenous to South Africa
Protective effects of fermented honeybush extracts (FH ex) and scale-up fermented honeybush extracts (SFH ex) against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced HaCaT cell damage We investigated the effect of FH ex and SFH ex on the proliferation of HaCaT cells after exposure to UVB
Cell viability was reduced to 59.14 % by UVB irradiation in the absence of FH ex, but cell proliferation was increased up to 96.78 % (Fig. 1a) in its presence

Summary

Introduction

The fermented leaves and stems of Cyclopia intermedia are used to brew honeybush tea, a herbal tea indigenous to South Africa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of fermented honeybush extracts (FH ex) and scale-up fermented honeybush extracts (SFH ex) against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced damage in HaCaT keratinocytes. The skin suffers additional free radical damage caused by exogenous factors, such as UV exposure; UVA/UVB-radiation contributes to skin aging and photocarcinogenesis [1]. These biological effects of UV-radiation are based on light absorption in chromophores and the subsequent conversion of this energy in chemical reactions. Increased ROS generation can overwhelm the antioxidant defense mechanism, resulting in oxidative stress and photodamage of macromolecules and plasma membrane components in the skin [6]

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