Protective effect of ethanol extract of Coriolopsis aspera fruiting bodies against adjuvant-induced arthritis mice

Monotropein synergizes with methotrexate to attenuate synovial inflammation in adjuvant-induced arthritis mice and fibroblast-like synoviocyte via GSK-3β.

Fatty oil from Securidaca inappendiculata exerted therapeutic effects on adjuvant-induced arthritis in mice via suppression on fibroblast-like synoviocyte

Cardamom is one of the spices containing a wide range of antioxidants and is used in medicinal preparations. Thus, in this study, we want to explore the protective effect of ethanolic cardamom extract on the liver-kidney toxicity caused by gentamicin in male albino rats. The experiment was applied to twenty-eight male albino rats divided randomly into four groups. The control group was given 1 ml/kg of saline orally. The gentamicin (GM) group was given a daily 80 mg/kg i.p of GM for seven days. Another group was given 100 or 200 mg/kg b.wt. p.o. ethanolic extract of Elettaria Cardamomum (EC) for seven days. Blood and liver-kidney samples were taken after the end of the study for analyses to test for liver-kidney function and lipid profile (LP). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and bilirubin activities were higher in the GM group than in the control group. However, the groups' differences in globulin levels and total protein (TP) were not statistically significant. Compared to the control group, the albumin level in the gentamicin group was considerably lower. On the other hand, creatinine and urea levels, lipid, serum total cholesterol levels, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) significantly increased in the gentamicin group but decreased in the control group and co-treated groups with gentamicin and ethanolic extract EC. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) significantly dropped, while the control group showed high levels of lipid and serum total cholesterol. EC ethanolic extract shields the liver-kidney against GM harmful effects in male rats. Recent research demonstrated that the effects of the plant cardamom were the same at both low-high doses. The phenolic elements in EC may be responsible for this protective effect.

Morinda officinalis iridoid glycosides (MOIG) showed potential benefits in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but their exact mechanism has yet to be explored. To evaluate the effects of MOIG on RA, and explore the potential targets and molecular mechanism of MOIG in RA. The collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats were used to evaluate the effects of MOIG on RA. The proliferation, migration and invasion of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) stimulated with or without tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were examined by CCK-8, wound healing and transwell assays, respectively. IF and WB were applied to investigate related mechanism in FLSs. The molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, CETSA and siRNA were used to analyze the interaction of MOIG with target. Finally, the adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) mice model with gene knockdown was used to confirm the effect of MOIG on glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). MOIG significantly alleviated the paw swelling and synovial hyperplasia in CIA rats. Moreover, MOIG suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion, the secretion of inflammatory factors, and the expression of adhesion related proteins in TNF-α-stimulated FLSs. MOIG also inhibited the activation of Janus activating kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in FLSs. Interestingly, the plant metabolites in MOIG had a good affinity with GSK-3β, and inhibition of GSK-3β attenuated the effects of MOIG on FLSs. Knockdown GSK-3β gene could inhibit the paw swelling and inflammatory indicators, decrease the arthritis score and synovial hyperplasia, reduce the phosphorylation of p65 and STAT3 in AA mice, thereby suppressing the NF-κB and STAT3 signaling activation, and MOIG treatment had no significant effects on AA mice with si-GSK-3β. MOIG alleviates joint inflammation in RA through inhibition NF-κB and JAK2/STAT3 pathway via suppression of GSK-3β in FLSs, which provides supports for MOIG as a promising therapeutic agent of RA.

Treatment with FAP-targeted zinc ferrite nanoparticles for rheumatoid arthritis by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial damage

Acupuncture at the Zusanli acupoint can reduce the inflammatory response in AIA mice by regulating the arachidonic acid and pentose phosphate pathways

Background: Cigarettes smokes are a great external source of free radicals. The negative effects of cigarette smoke exposure can be systemic and affect all body systems, including the reproductive. Male rats exposed to cigarette smoke have a risk of oxidative stress and sperm damage. This can be overcome with herbal antioxidants such as white oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus).Objective: This study aimed to examine the protective effect of ethanolic extract of white oyster mushroom against damage to sperm morphology of rats exposed to cigarette smoke.Methods: This study is an experimental study using 40 rats which were divided into 5 groups. Group I (normal control), group II (negative control) were only given exposure of cigarette smoke, Grups III, IV and V (treatments groups 1, 2, and 3) were given exposure of cigarette smoke and ethanolic extract a dose of 125, 250, and 500 mg/Kg BW/day for 14 days. On the 15th day, the percentage normal rat sperm were calculated under a 400x magnification microscope.Results: Normal sperm count in group I was 79% ± 0.79, group II was 39% ± 0.55, Grup III, IV and V were 56% ± 0.15, 65% ± 0.54 and 66% ± 0.21.

Drugs and chemicals are considered as one of the major causes for hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity, inducing direct damage through multiple pathways including oxidative stress. The present study was aimed to investigate the protective effect of ethanol extract of Vanda tessellata leaves in methotrexate induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity rats. The ethanol extract of Vanda tessellata leaves were prepared and its protective effect were evaluated for methotrexate induced liver and kidney damaged in rats. The administration of ethanol extract of Vanda tessellata (150 and 300 mg/kg) significant (p<0.05) decrease in serum SGOT, SGPT, ALP, ACP and total bilirubin compared to control group rats treated MTX. Treating with ethanol extract of Vanda tessellata showed significant decrease (p<0.05) in concentration of serum urea, Creatinine, Uric acid, Total protein and BUN compared to MTX treated groups. The findings of biochemical parameters illustrated that the ethanol extract of Vanda tessellata leaves showed protective properties against MTX induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats.

Protective effect of ethanolic extract of guava leaves (Psidium guajava L.) in alloxan-induced diabetic mice

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVEAlthough Angelica keiskei (AK) has widely been utilized for the purpose of general health improvement among Asian, its functionality and mechanism of action. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effect of ethanol extract of AK (AK-Ex) on acute hepatotoxicity induced by acetaminophen (AAP) in HepG2 human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cells and HepaRG human hepatic progenitor cells.MATERIALS/METHODSAK-Ex was prepared HepG2 and HepaRG cells were cultured with various concentrations and 30 mM AAP. The protective effects of AK-Ex against AAP-induced hepatotoxicity in HepG2 and HepaRG cells were evaluated using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, flow cytometry, and Western blotting.RESULTSAK-Ex, when administered prior to AAP, increased cell growth and decreased leakage of LDH in a dose-dependent manner in HepG2 and HepaRG cells against AAP-induced hepatotoxicity. AK-Ex increased the level of Bcl-2 and decreased the levels of Bax, Bok and Bik decreased the permeability of the mitochondrial membrane in HepG2 cells intoxicated with AAP. AK-Ex decreased the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and the activation of caspase-9, -7, and -3.CONCLUSIONSThese results demonstrate that AK-Ex downregulates apoptosis via intrinsic and extrinsic pathways against AAP-induced hepatotoxicity. We suggest that AK could be a useful preventive agent against AAP-induced apoptosis in hepatocytes.

The adverse effect of cypermethrin on the liver and kidney of weanling female rats and the protective effect of ethanolic extract of grape pomace were investigated in the present study. Weanling female rats were given cypermethrin oral at a dose of 25 mg kg−1 body weight for 28 consecutive days. An additional two Cyp-trated groups received extract at a dose of 100 and 200 mg kg−1 body weight, respectively, throughout the experimental duration. Three groups more served as extract and control groups. Administration of Cyp resulted in a significant increase in serum marker enzymes, for example, aminotransferases (AST and ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and increases the level of urea nitrogen and creatinine. In contrast, Cyp caused significant decrease in levels of total protein and albumin and caused histopathological alterations in liver and kidneys of female rats. Coadministration of the extract to Cyp-treated female rats restored most of these biochemical parameters to within normal levels especially at high dose of extract. However, extract administration to Cyp-treated rats resulted in overall improvement in liver and kidney damage. This study demonstrated the adverse biohistological effects of Cyp on the liver and kidney of weanling female rats. The grape pomace extract administration prevented the toxic effect of Cyp on the above serum parameters. The present study concludes that grape pomace extract has significant antioxidant and hepatorenal protective activity.

The incidence of cancer is still high in the world, regionally and in Indonesia, where the incidence of new cases of breast cancer, uterine cervical cancer and lung cancer is the highest in Indonesia. The use of anthracycline doxorubicin as an anti-neoplastic agent is highly effective in various types of cancer in adults and children, including hematologic and solid tumors, but doxorubicin has serious organotoxicity, including pancreatic toxicity. The content of various compounds from Balakka fruit extract (Phyllanthus emblica L.) which has been identified through various studies, especially its potential as a pancreatic protective agent, through its antioxidant, anti-diabetic/hyperglycemic, and anti-hyperlipidemic activities. To determine the potential protective effect of ethanolic extract of Balakka fruit (Phyllanthus emblica L.) against doxorubicin-induced pancreatic toxicity in rats. This study used an experimental study with a completely randomized design to determine the potential protective effect of the ethanolic extract of Balakka fruit (Phyllanthus Emblica L.) against doxorubicin-induced pancreatic toxicity in rats (Rattus norvegicus). The results of qualitative phytochemical tests on the ethanolic extract of Balakka fruit contain alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, steroids/triterpenoids, terpenoids and tannins. From the results of the different test results in the mean serial blood glucose levels more than 2 Kruskal Wallis groups, a significance value of p less than 0.05 was found, meaning that there were at least 2 groups that had a significant difference in fasting glucose levels (p = 0.003*) and TTGO test results at the 30th minute, 60th minute and 120th minute (p = 0.000*; p = 0.001*; p = 0.007*). The average fasting blood glucose levels of all treatment groups were in the normal range of 90 – 110 mg/dL. At the 120th minute of OGTT, it was found that the mean blood glucose level in the doxorubicin group reached 149.00 ± 7.99 mg/dL, still higher than the average level of the extract group, treatments 1 and 2 (p less than 0.05). And the mean blood glucose levels in the treatment groups 1 and 2 were significantly lower than the mean blood glucose levels in the doxorubicin group (p = 0.009*; p = 0.009*). The ethanolic extract of Balakka Phyllanthus Emblica L. fruit contains flavonoids, phenols, tannins, triterpenoids, terpenoids and alkaloids. Administration of ethanolic extract of Balakka fruit at a dose of 400 mg/kgBW can overcome pancreatic toxicity by maintaining a balance of glucose levels by decreasing blood glucose levels at the 30th minute, 60th minute, and 120th minute close to normal and can improve the pancreatic tissue of rats in a group of mice with doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity.

Objective: To evaluate the protective effect of ethanolic extract of dried seeds of Coriandrum sativum L. (C.sativum) in acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats.Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into various treatment groups (n=5). The animals were administered with 2ml of acetic acid (4% v/v) via intrarectal route to induce colitis. Prednisolone (2mg/kg) was used as a standard drug and C.sativum was administered at a dose of 100 and 300 mg/kg p.o. Macroscopic scoring, colon weight to length ratio, colonic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPO), myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels and histopathological changes were recorded after the treatment regimen of 11 days.Results: Intrarectal instillation of acetic acid caused significant (P<0.05) increase in colon weight to length ratio, LPO, and MPO levels; and significant (P<0.05) decrease in the levels of SOD, CAT and GSH levels. Pretreatment with C.sativum (100, 300 mg/kg, p.o.) exhibited significant (P<0.05) reversal of all the above biochemical parameters and significantly reversed the histopathological changes induced by acetic acid treatment.Conclusion: The present investigation demonstrates the potent therapeutic value of C.sativum (100, 300 mg/kg, p.o.) in the amelioration of experimental colitis in rats. The beneficial effect of C.sativum could be attributed to its antioxidant effect.

This study aimed to determine the protective effect of ethanol extract of kesum leaves (Polygonum minus) on the number of Leydig cells in mice exposed to cadmium chloride (CdCl2). A total of 20 male mice were divided into five groups, each group consisting of four replications and then given different treatments orally for 21 days. The treatment groups included (K-) 0,5% CMC Na suspension + distilled water, (K+) 0,5% CMC Na suspension + 12 mg/kgBW/day cadmium chloride, (P1, P2, and P3) ethanol extract of kesum leaves, respectively. -respectively 200, 400, and 800 mg/kgBW/day + 12 mg/kgBW/day cadmium chloride. Observations were made by counting the number of Leydig cells. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan's test. The results showed significant differences (p&lt;0,05) between groups P1, P2, P3 and K+. On the other hand, the P2 group showed similar results to K-. In conclusion, the ethanol extract of kesum leaves can protect and maintain the number of Leydig cells in the testes of mice from exposure to cadmium chloride, and the optimal dose was 400 mg/kgBW/day.

The current study was carried out to investigate the protective effects of ethanolic extract of Saussurea lappa on paracetamol induced toxicity in female rabbits. Eighteen female rabbit adult were divided into three groups each (group/6 rabbits). First group (negative control) was administered distilled water for 14 day. Second group (positive control) was administered paracetamol at dose 300 mg/kg B.W orally for 14 day. Third group was administered paracetamol at dose 300 mg/kg B.W orally and treated with ethanolic extract of Saussurea lappa at dose 300 mg/kg B.W orally for 14 day. The animals were sacrificed and blood samples were collected from heart by cardiac puncture. These samples were used for the measurement of biochemical parameter like ALT, AST, TP and Albumin as well as hormonal assay in addition to histological examination for liver, ovary and uterus. The obtained results showed a significant increase (P⩽ 0.05) in ALT, AST and significant decrease (P⩽ 0.05) in TP, Albumin, FSH and LH level in control positive group compared with control negative group while the results showed a significant decrease (P⩽ 0.05) in ALT, AST and increase TP, Albumin, FSH and LH level in rabbits treated with ethanolic extract of Saussurea lappa. Histological studies showed many pathological changes in liver, ovary and uterus in control positive group but in the Saussurea lappa group the histopathological changes near to the normal status. The protective effects of Saussurea lappa extract on paracetamol induce toxicity resulting in improvement effect on liver and reproductive system could be attributed to their antioxidant actions.