Protective effect of drug delivery systems against the enzymatic degradation of dermally applied DNAzyme

Abstract

DNAzymes are a group of RNA-cleaving DNA oligonucleotides that contain a catalytic domain and represent a novel class of antisense molecules. Although single-stranded DNAzymes may represent the most effective nucleic acid drug to date, the sensitivity to nuclease degradation is challenging. Therefore, it is important to develop a drug delivery system, which protects the molecule against degradation during dermal application. In the present study, the potential protective effect, regarding the dermal application of DNAzyme, of multiple (W/O/W) emulsions, W/O emulsions, submicron emulsion and microemulsions were investigated using a HPLC method. The HPLC method enables the quantitative analysis of DNAzyme as well as the detection of degradation products. The differences between the activity of DNase I and the activity of nucleases located in the porcine skin were compared. It was found that the degradation of an aqueous solution of DNAzyme is depending on the DNase I activity as well as on the incubation time. Furthermore, the activity of neutral and acid nucleases in skin tissue was determined to be 5.2 and 14.8 U per 1 g of porcine skin tissue, respectively. Investigation of the protective character of different delivery systems revealed that formulations containing DNAzyme in the outer water phase (submicron emulsion and microemulsion) did not exhibit any form of protective effect, whereas formulations containing DNAzyme in the inner water phase (multiple emulsion and W/O emulsion) were able to prevent the DNAzyme degradation to a considerable degree. Consequently, these formulations are promising candidates for the dermal drug delivery of oligonucleotides.