Protective effect of diarylheptanoids from Curcuma comosa on primary rat hepatocytes against t-butyl hydroperoxide-induced toxicity

Abstract

Context: Curcuma comosa Roxb. (Zingiberaceae) has traditionally been used as an anti-inflammatory agent in liver, and recent study has shown its hepatoprotective effect against CCl4-induced liver injury in vivo.Objective: This study further assesses the protective effect of C. comosa extracts and its isolated compounds against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced hepatotoxicity in isolated primary rat hepatocytes.Materials and methods: Isolated primary hepatocytes were pretreated with either ethanol (5–50 μg/ml) or hexane extract (1–50 μg/ml), or two diarylheptanoids (4–35 μM): compound D-91 [1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-phenyl-(6E)-6-hepten-3-ol] and compound D-92 [(3S)-1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-phenyl-(6E)-6-hepten-3-ol], from C. comosa for 2 h prior to exposure to 1.5 mM t-BHP for 15 and 30 min. Their hepatoprotective activities were then determined.Results: t-BHP markedly caused the formation of MDA and ALT leakage from the hepatocytes. Pretreatment with the C. comosa ethanol extract showed greater protective effect than the hexane extract, and the effect was concentration related. Treating the hepatocytes with compound D-92 provided greater protective effect than compound D-91. IC50 values of compounds D-91, D-92, and silymarin for the protection of ALT leakage at 30 min were 32.7 ± 1.1, 9.8 ± 0.7, and 160 ± 8 μM, respectively. Further investigation showed that compound D-92 was more effective in maintaining the intracellular glutathione content in the t-BHP treated group, whereas the reduction in antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase activities, were not improved.Discussion and conclusion: Results suggest that diarylheptanoids are the active principles that provide protection against t-BHP-induced injury. Their ability to maintain intracellular glutathione content is the main mechanisms underlying the protective action.