Abstract
The protective effect of blood cora polysaccharides (BCP) on H9c2 rat heart cells under oxidative stress was explored with the use of a H9c2 cell oxidative stress model. The ability of BCP to scavenge 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and hydroxyl radicals and its reducing power were measured in vitro, indicating a more powerful antioxidant effect of BCP compared to a similar concentration of vitamin C. The cellular metabolic activity was tested through the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide] assay. Additionally, the relevant oxidation indicator level within the cell supernatant and cells was tested with reagent kits, and mRNA and protein expression levels in the cells were tested through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot. The chemical composition of BCP was determined through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results show that compared with the normal group, the model group's cell survival rate (28.75 ± 2.56%) decreased, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) levels decreased. The results of qPCR and western blot show that compared with the normal group, the model group's Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), caspase-3, nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, NAD(P)H:quinoneoxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and cytochrome c (Cyt C) decreased, and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expression was increased, with significant statistical differences. Compared with the model group, the cell survival rate for each BCP-treated group increased, the LDH leakage decreased, the SOD, CAT, and GSH levels in the cells increased, the MDA content decreased, the Bax, caspase-3, Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, and Cyt C expression was weakened, and the Bcl-2 expression was strengthened. BCP inhibited the reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential caused by H2O2 treatment. According to the component analysis, BCP mainly consist of mannitol, ribose, glucosum anhydricum, galactose, and xylose. It was observed that the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway can be activated, regulated, and controlled by functional BCP to protect H9c2 cells injured by oxidative stress.
Highlights
Blood cora is a type of common coral grass (Thesium chinense Turcz.) that is black-brown in color with large branches, and mainly grows in the pollution-free waters of the south China Sea
The chromatographic peak areas of the 5 samples were recorded, and a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.89% (n = 5) was obtained, which indicates the satisfactory repeatability of the determination method and that it was suitable for this experiment
Compared with the high-performance liquid chromatograms of the blood cora polysaccharides (BCP) derivative and the standardized mixed product derivative, the results showed that the BCP sample contains no fucose, and its major components were mannitol, ribose, anhydrous glucose, galactose, and xylose
Summary
Blood cora is a type of common coral grass (Thesium chinense Turcz.) that is black-brown in color with large branches, and mainly grows in the pollution-free waters of the south China Sea. Blood cora grass grows alongside pollution-free coral reefs, and it can remove the salts from sea water between flood tide and ebb tide to concentrate minerals from the sea water and store them [1]. Polysaccharide compounds have the functions of immune adjustment, antivirus, anti-cancer, blood sugar level regulation, antiphlogosis, and analgesia [4,5,6]. Polysaccharide compounds play a role in anti-aging and facial beautification through their fine antioxygenation capabilities [7, 8]. The monosaccharide compounds comprising the polysaccharides generally are obtained by hydrolysis, so that the compositions of polysaccharide compounds to be determined can be accurately analyzed [9]. By identifying the hydrolysed monosaccharides, the bioactive action of the polysaccharide compounds, consisting of monosaccharides, can be more accurately analyzed [10]
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