Abstract
Purpose : To investigate the hepatoprotective effects of Alhagi sparsifolia extract against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury in mice. Methods : Three doses of Alhagi sparsifolia (600, 300 and 150 mg/kg) were were administered to separate groups of mice orally once a day for three days. One-hour after the last dose, APAP (300 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected. Liver tissue was taken and tested for levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) as biomarkers of liver injury; malonaldehyde (MDA); hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ); glutathione (GSH) as an indicator of liver redox; and antioxidant enzyme activity using super oxide dismutase (SOD) assay. Additionally, western blotting was used to measure the expression of protein cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) as the key enzyme of APAP metabolism. Results : Blood serum of ALT and AST and levels of CYP2E1 were markedly reduced, while the levels of MDA, H 2 O 2 , and SOD were elevated in a dose-dependent manner in mice treated with Alhagi sparsifolia compared to control group treated with APAP alone. Conclusion : The results demonstrate that Alhagi sparsifolia protects mice liver tissue against APAPinduced hepatic injury partly via decreased oxidative stress and inhibition of CYP2E1 expression. Keywords : Alhagi sparsifolia, Polysaccharide, Acetaminophen, CYP2E1, Antioxidant
Highlights
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a devastating syndrome characterized by sudden loss of innate immunity which results in sudden cessation of normal liver function and multiple organ failures [1]
Alhagi sparsifolia protects against APAPinduced hepatic dysfunction
The homogenate was centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 10 min at 4 °C and the supernatants were assayed for MDA, H2O2, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and GSH levels using commercial assay kits as per the manufacturer’s instructions (Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China)
Summary
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a devastating syndrome characterized by sudden loss of innate immunity which results in sudden cessation of normal liver function and multiple organ failures [1]. Previous research has demonstrated that Alhagi sparsifolia possesses various pharmaceutical properties that provide benefits as an anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory agent [12,13,14] To date, this herbal plant has only minimally been studied for its role as a hepatoprotective mechanism. Animals Unlimited access to standard food and distilled water (dH2O), maintained at a laboratory temperature (22 ± 2 °C) and humidity (70 ± 4) % as well as 12 h light/12 h darkness cycle. 0.4 mL of Alhagi sparsifolia extract, 1.6 mL of distilled water, 1 mL of 5 % phenol reagent and 5 mL of sulfuric acid solution were mixed in 10 mL test tubes. Significant differences from control in all experiments were assessed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS (IBM Corporation, Chicago, IL, USA), and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant
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