Protective effect and mechanism of Baicalin on acute kidney injury in septic mice

Abstract

To observe the protective effect and mechanism of different doses of Baicalin (BAI) on acute kidney injury (AKI) in septic mice. According to the random number table, 100 mice were divided into sham operation group (Sham group), cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) induced sepsis model group (CLP group) and BAI pretreatment groups. The mice in BAI pretreatment groups were divided into low-, medium- and high-dose groups (BAI-L+CLP, BAI-M+CLP, BAI-H+CLP groups), with 20 mice in each group. A murine sepsis associated-acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) model was reproduced using CLP. The mice in the Sham group were only opened and closed the abdomen, without ligating or perforating the cecum. The mice in the BAI pretreatment groups were given BAI 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg daily for 3 days, and CLP was performed at 6 hours after administration of BAI at the 3rd day to reproduce sepsis model. The mice in the Sham group and CLP group were given the same amount of distilled water as control. Ten mice were sacrificed at 24 hours after operation to collect orbital blood for renal function determination [serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (pNGAL) and plasma kidney injury molecule-1 (pKIM-1)] by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The kidney tissue was collected to observe the kidney tissue injury under light microscope after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) was used to detect the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of cell FLICE like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) in renal tissue. The remaining 10 mice in each group were used to calculate the survival rate of 7 days after operation. The renal tubular epithelial cells in the CLP group were massively degenerated with necrosis, the renal tubular lumen was significantly expanded, and inflammatory cells were widely infiltrated in the renal interstitium. Furthermore, the renal function deteriorated rapidly. Compared with the CLP group, the renal function of mice pretreated with low dose of BAI was improved, but the difference was not significant. Compared with the CLP group, the renal function in the mice pretreated with medium and high doses of BAI was significantly improved, the SCr, BUN, pNGAL and pKIM-1 were significantly reduced [SCr (μmol/L): 135.16±5.18, 125.70±5.26 vs. 170.42±5.42; BUN (mmol/L): 33.59±1.77, 27.29±1.61 vs. 45.68±1.39; pNGAL (μg/L): 91.29±4.68, 73.40±3.77 vs. 131.50±6.55; pKIM-1 (μg/L): 6.34±0.30, 5.51±0.35 vs. 8.03±0.29; all P < 0.01], the pathological injury of renal tissue was significantly decreased, the apoptotic number of renal tubular epithelial cells was significantly reduced (cells/HP: 16.20±0.49, 13.10±0.66 vs. 29.60±0.49, both P < 0.01), and the expression of c-FLIP protein in renal tissue was significantly increased [c-FLIP protein (c-FLIP/GAPDH): 0.35±0.02, 0.46±0.02 vs. 0.21±0.01, both P < 0.01]. No mouse in the Sham group died within 7 days. Compared with the CLP group, the average survival time of the mice within 7 days in the BAI-L+CLP, BAI-M+CLP and BAI-H+CLP groups was significantly prolonged with a dose-dependent manner (days: 3.5±2.5, 5.4±2.2, 5.9±1.9 vs. 2.1±1.2; Log-Rank test: χ2 = 73.410, P < 0.001). Pretreatment with medium and high doses of BAI can significantly improve the renal function in mice with SA-AKI, decrease the pathological damage and increase the survival of mice, and its mechanism may be related to promoting the increase of c-FLIP protein expression and inhibiting cell apoptosis.