Abstract
Ni-rich Li[NixCoyMn1-x-y]O2 (NCM, x > 0.6) is a promising cathode material for lithium-ion batteries while disadvantages like rapid capacity fading and poor rate performance hinder its practical application. In this work, a dual-layer coating is designed and utilized through a solid–gas reaction between the cathode particles and gaseous P2O5, where Li3PO4 acts as a protecting layer against acid attack and LiNiPO4 as a fast ion-conducting layer. The modified sample (LL-NCM94) exhibits a much higher capacity retention of 89.6% after 100 cycles at 1C between 2.8 and 4.3 V in comparison with the capacity retention of 65.9% for pristine sample (P-NCM94). Under the high C-rate of 5C and 10C, the discharge capacity of LL-NCM94 is 20% and 45% higher than P-NCM94, respectively. The better electrochemical performance of LL-NCM94 is attributed to the dual-layer coating in which each layer functions differently and simultaneous elimination of lithium residual compounds during the solid–gas reaction. This work provides an effective method and insights into surface coating design to enhance electrochemical performance of Ni-rich cathode materials.
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