Abstract
Power grid vulnerability is a key issue with large blackouts, causing power disruption for millions of people. The complexity of power grid, together with excessive number of components, makes it difficult to be modeled. Currently, researchers use complex networks to model and study the performance of power grids. In fact, power grids can be modeled into a complex network by making use of ring network topology, with substations and transmission lines denoted as nodes and edges, respectively. In this paper, three protection schemes are proposed and their effectiveness in protecting the power network under high and low-load attacks is studied. The proposed schemes, namely, Cascaded Load Cut-off (CLC), Cascaded Load Overflow (CLO) and Adaptive-Cascaded Load Overflow (A-CLO), improve the robustness of the power grids, i.e., decrease the value of critical tolerance. Simulation results show that CLC and CLO protection schemes are more effective in improving the robustness of networks than the A-CLO protection scheme. However, the CLC protection scheme is effective only at the expense that certain percentage of the network will have no power supply. Thus, results show that the CLO protection scheme dominates the other protection schemes, CLC and A-CLO, in terms of the robustness of the network, improved with the precise amount of load cut-off determined.
Highlights
Over the last decade, there were many power outages and cascading failure of electric power grids around the world due to equipment failures and natural disasters
The performances of three proposed protection schemes, Cascaded Load Cut-off (CLC), Cascaded Load Overflow (CLO) and Adaptive-Cascaded Load Overflow (A-CLO), with different kinds of attacks are studied by computer simulation written in MatLab
Comparing the effectiveness of the three protection schemes, it can be seen that for δ = 20% CLC and CLO give the lowest Tc in improving the network robustness
Summary
There were many power outages and cascading failure of electric power grids around the world due to equipment failures and natural disasters. The authors used the IEEE 39-bus system and China’s Guangdong 500-kV system as examples to study their proposed model They have investigated the structural impacts of dispatching data networks on load shedding in case of different attacks on power grids. There are few efforts to examine the additional protection to the neighboring nodes from the of burden load, thereby increasing the performance of complex networks by allowing to better resist the cascading failures. The main idea of the three proposed protection strategies to improve the robustness of the power grid is to lower the initial loads of the neighbouring nodes of the overloaded/attacked node so that it can better support the load re-distribution in order to avoid further cascading failures
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