Protection Of Monuments Of Archeology, History, And Culture In The European Tradition

Abstract

The article examines the features of the protection of monuments of archeology, history, and culture in European countries. The prerequisites for forming an international system of protection of monuments from the middle of the 19th century are traced; its transformation to the beginning of the 21st century is analyzed. The article notes that until the 19th century, the protection of monuments of archeology, history, and culture was, in fact, selective. Only gradually came the need to preserve heritage in the implementation of design and construction work. By the beginning of the 20th century, in many European countries, monuments of national history and culture were taken under the state's tutelage. After the large-scale destruction of many European cities and valuable artistic monuments during the Second World War, activities in the field of protection of monuments became much more active. Work was implemented to restore and restore cities and monuments that suffered during the war. Each state's legislative field has its differences caused by its historical development and national characteristics associated with the specifics of the socio-economic and cultural path of forming a particular country. In cultural globalization, studying the norms of legislative acts that successfully develop the sphere of protection of historical and cultural monuments of states, it is possible to improve the regulatory legal acts in most European countries. An analysis of the historical evolution of lawmaking in continental and Anglo-Saxon law countries can contribute to solving issues of protecting cultural heritage in the countries of the post-Soviet space.