Protection of methylmercury effects on the in vivo dopamine release by NMDA receptor antagonists and nitric oxide synthase inhibitors

Abstract

The possible protective effects of NMDA receptor antagonists dizocilpine (MK-801) and d(−)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP5), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors l-nitro-arginine methyl ester ( l-NAME) and 7-nitro-indazol (7-NI) on the methylmercury (MeHg)-induced dopamine (DA) release from rat striatum were investigated using in vivo microdialysis. Intrastriatal infusion of 400 μM or 4 mM MeHg increased the extracellular DA levels to 1941±199 and 7971±534% with respect to basal levels. Infusion of 400 μM or 4 mM MeHg in 400 μM MK-801 pretreated animals, increased striatal DA levels to 677±126 and 2926±254%, with respect to basal levels, these increases being 65 and 63% smaller than those induced by MeHg in non-pretreated animals. Infusion of 400 μM or 4 mM MeHg in 400 μM AP5 pretreated animals, increased striatal DA levels to 950±234 and 2251±254% with respect to basal levels, these increases being 51 and 72% smaller than those induced by MeHg in non-pretreated animals. Infusion of 400 μM MeHg in 100 μM l-NAME or 7-NI pretreated animals, increased the extracellular DA levels to 1159±90 and 981±292%, with respect to basal levels, these increases being 40 and 50% smaller than those induced by MeHg in non-pretreated animals. In summary, MeHg acts, at last in part, through an overstimulation of NMDA receptors with possible NO production to induce DA release, and administration of NMDA receptor antagonists and NOS inhibitors protects against MeHg-induced DA release from rat striatum.